Download Name PLATE TECTONICS (75 points) Multiple Choice – 2 Points

Name ________________________________ PLATE TECTONICS
(75 points)
Multiple Choice – 2 Points Each
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Forces that shape Earth's surface by building up mountains and landmasses are called
a. constructive forces.
c. destructive forces.
b. temperature and pressure.
d. seismic waves.
____
2. According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
a. Earth’s surface is made up of seven major
c. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.
landmasses.
b. the continents do not move.
d. the continents were once joined together in a
single landmass.
3. Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because
a. they were afraid of a new idea.
c. Wegener used several different types of
evidence to support his hypothesis.
b. Wegener was interested in what Earth was
d. Wegener could not identify a force that could
like millions of years ago.
move the continents.
____
____
4. In the process of sea-floor spreading, where does molten material rise from the mantle and erupt?
a. along the edges of all the continents
c. in deep-ocean trenches
b. along the mid-ocean ridge
d. at the north and south poles
____
5. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is
known as
a. convection.
c. subduction.
b. continental drift.
d. conduction.
____
6. A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a
a. transform boundary.
c. convergent boundary.
b. divergent boundary.
d. rift valley.
____
7. A rift valley forms where two plates
a. sink back toward the mantle.
b. diverge.
c. slide past each other.
d. converge.
____
8. Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's
a. continents.
c. lithosphere.
b. asthenosphere.
d. inner core.
____
9. A collision between two pieces of continental lithosphere at a converging boundary produces a
a. mid-ocean ridge.
c. rift valley.
b. deep-ocean trench.
d. mountain range.
____ 10. The place where two plates come together is known as a
a. transform boundary.
c. convergent boundary.
b. divergent boundary.
d. rift valley.
____ 11. Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called
a. shearing.
c. compression.
b. tension.
d. deformation.
____ 12. In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the
a. hanging wall.
c. footwall.
b. reverse fault.
d. anticline.
____ 13. Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?
a. shearing
c. compression
b. tension
d. deformation
____ 14. The land between two normal faults may be uplifted to form a
a. fold.
c. hanging wall.
b. syncline.
d. fault-block mountain.
____ 15. A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is called a(n)
a. anticline.
c. plateau.
b. syncline.
d. canyon.
____ 16. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of
a. volcanoes forming over a hot spot.
b. volcanoes forming along plate boundaries.
c. the Ring of Fire.
d. continental drift.
____ 17. When magma squeezes between layers of rock, it forms a
a. neck.
c. sill.
b. dike.
d. lava plateau.
____ 18. The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form
a. a hot spot.
b. a part of the mid-ocean ridge.
c. an island arc.
d. a subducting plate.
____ 19. Magma that forces across rock layers hardens into a
a. sill.
c. dike.
b. volcanic neck.
d. batholith.
____ 20. What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the silica in the magma
dissolved gases trapped in the magma
gravity in the lithosphere
the density of the magma
Short Answer – 3 Points Each
Use the diagram to answer each question.
21. Describe the rock layers shown in Diagram A and any forces acting on the rock.
22. In diagram B, which type of fault will form if the stress force continues? Explain.
23. What caused the rock layers to take on the shape shown in diagram C?
24. Name a mountain range in California that is partly formed by diagram C and describe how it is
made.
25. Will a normal fault result from the stresses being applied to the rock unit in diagram D? Explain.
26. What famous California fault is made by diagram D?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
27. Name and describe the type of volcano illustrated in diagram A, name a volcano in California that is
this type of volcano and where it is found.
28. Name the type of volcano illustrated in diagram B, describe how it forms, and name a volcano in
California that is this type of volcano.
29. If volcano A collapses, what kind of feature will form and where in California can you find this
landform?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
30. How do volcanoes form at B? Name a California mountain range that is made by this process.
31. Describe an exception to the patterns pictured at A and B where volcanoes also can form.
32. Name and describe the type of boundary shown at B.
PLATE TECTONICS
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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20.
A
D
D
B
C
A
B
B
D
C
A
C
C
D
A
A
C
C
C
B
SHORT ANSWER
21. Diagram A shows a section of rock that contains three different layers. All layers are parallel and are
equal in thickness. There are no forces being exerted on the rock layers.
22. A reverse fault will form. Compression will squeeze the rock until a fault occurs in which the rock
forming the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall.
23. The Sierra Nevada is a fault-block mountain that is made by tension by two normal faults on either
side of the mountain. This is where two hanging walls on both sides move away from the footwall
that is the Sierra Nevada mountains.
24. The Sierra Nevada is an example of mountains made by compression. The compression in diagram
B occurs when one plate pushes against another.
25. No, because the stresses being applied will not push the rock unit up or down but sideways. A strikeslip fault rather than a normal fault will result.
26. San Andreas Fault
27. Diagram A shows a cinder cone volcano. It forms when cinders erupt again and again, piling up
around the vent to form a steep, cone-shaped hill. Cinder Cone in Lassen Park
28. Diagram B shows a composite volcano. It forms when lava flows alternate with explosive eruptions
of ash, cinder, and bombs. In California, Mt. Shasta and Mammoth Mountain are composite
volcanoes.
29. If the volcano collapses, it will turn into a caldera. You can find an ancient caldera in California at
Long Valley Caldera.
30. As the oceanic plate is subducted, the plate melts and forms magma, which rises toward the surface
and erupts as lava, forming volcanoes. The Cascade Mountains.
31. Volcanoes also can form at hot spots in the middle of continental or oceanic plates. At a hot spot,
magma from the mantle melts through the crust and moves to the surface. Another exception is a
collision between two oceanic plates. In such a collision, one of the oceanic plates is subducted. The
result is melting of the plate and the formation of magma, which erupts to form a chain of volcanic
islands called an island arc.
32. B shows a converging plate boundary, where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. As a
result of this collision, the oceanic plate sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench into the mantle.