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Biotechnology NBHS Standard Grade Biology Study Guide Living Factories The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: know which group of organisms yeast belongs to describe how yeast is important in the brewing and winemaking industries describe how yeast is important in making bread write a word equation for the fermentation of glucose by yeast know two products which are made by the activity of bacteria in milk know what makes milk go sour The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: describe the process of anaerobic respiration describe the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration, including the difference in energy release describe how brewers make sure that yeast has ideal conditions for growth explain what is meant by batch processing describe what happens to barley during malting and why this is important in brewing describe the chemical changes which happen in milk when bacteria make it go sour NBHS Standard Grade Biology Study Guide Problems and Profit with Waste The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: explain the change in oxygen levels which happens when water is polluted by sewage describe the main stages in sewage treatment describe how the oxygen needed by microorganisms is provided during sewage treatment give examples of useful products made by microorganisms from waste substances explain the importance of turning waste substances into useful products by using microorganisms know two fermentation products which can be used as fuels, and explain the advantage of these fuels over fossil fuels know that microorganisms can be grown to provide protein – rich food for humans and animals know that microorganisms reproduce rapidly by asexual means describe precautions taken in laboratory work with microorganisms and explain why they are important The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: explain why precautions are taken in manufacturing processes to deal with bacterial and fungal spores know that microorganisms cause decay and get energy from the substances they break down describe the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle and the part played by bacteria in these cycles explain why complete breakdown of sewage needs aerobic conditions explain why complete breakdown of sewage needs a range of microorganisms know how turning waste into useful products affects its energy or protein content NBHS Standard Grade Biology Study Guide Reprogramming Microbes The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: describe the appearance of the chromosome material in a bacterial cell know why pieces of chromosome from other organisms are transferred into bacteria know that this is called genetic engineering give some examples of products made by genetic engineering and their uses know that biological detergents contain enzymes made by bacteria and what these enzymes do know what type of organisms produce antibiotics and what antibiotics do The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to: know what a plasmid is describe how plasmids are used in genetic engineering explain some advantages of changing organisms by genetic engineering over traditional breeding methods describe the advantages of producing a substance like insulin by genetic engineering rather than by traditional methods explain the advantages of using biological detergents explain why a large range of antibiotics is needed to treat bacterial diseases describe what happens when an enzyme or a microorganism is immobilised describe what happens in continuous flow processing explain the advantage of continuous flow over batch processing NBHS Standard Grade Biology Study Guide