Download Unit 2 Homework

Unit 2 Homework
Key Area 2.1 – Cells, Tissues and Organs
Exercise 1
Research HWK- Write a short report about any type of cell in the
human body. E.g. skin, muscle etc.
(Marks for, level of research, references, diagram, detailed description
of information)
(4)
Exercise 2
Cells can be specialised to perform a variety of functions.
1. What is meant by the term “specialised cell”. (1)
2. Describe a structural feature of a red blood cell that enables them
to carry out the function of carrying oxygen to other living cells.
(1)
3. Copy and complete the following table:
Cell type
Specialised Structural
features
Ciliated
epithelial cell
Long axon (up to 2m)
Sperm cell
Leaf palisade
cell
Function
Sweeping of mucus
away from the lungs
Carry messages around
the body
Tail and many energy-providing
mitochondria
Collects light energy
from the sun to make
food by photosynthesis
(4)
3. a)
Explain why you would not expect a plant root hair cell to
contain any chloroplasts. (1)
b)
Describe two features that make the root hair cell suitable
for its function. (2)
4. Use a pencil to draw two specialised plant cells and two specialised
animal cells. In each case describe how their structure relates to
their function. (8)
Total 17 marks
Exercise 3
1. Give the term applied to a group of similar cells that carry out the
same function. (1)
2. Give one example of a tissue from each of the following organisms
a) plant
b) animal
(2)
3. State the meaning of the term organ. (1)
4. Give one example of an organ from the following organisms.
a) plant –
b) human (2)
5. a) Describe the functions of a particular animal organ system and
list the organs that the system consists of.(3)
b) Complete the same for a plant organ system. (3)
Total 12 marks
Key Area 2.2 – Stem Cells and Meristems
Exercise 4
1. State the general function of stem cells. (1)
2. Name a type of cell that can be formed when an adult human stem
cell specialises. (1)
3. Describe the similarities and differences between embryonic and
adult stem cells. (3)
4. Name the regions of plants where mitosis occurs. (2)
5. Construct a table to describe which of the following cells could
have originated from a stem cell or a meristem: Red blood cell,
Muscle cell, Phloem cell, Xylem cell, Neurone, Root hair cell,
Palisade cell, Ciliated epithelial cell (8)
Total 15 marks
Exercise 5
Stem Cells
1. What is a stem cell? (1)
2. Name the two main types of stem cell. (2)
3. Write down one key characteristic of each type of stem cell that
you have named in question 2. (2) Embryonic
4. Describe two different medical uses for stem cells. (2)
5. Write a paragraph on the ethical issues surrounding the use of
stem cells for medical research. (4 marks)
Meristems
1. Define the term “growth”. (1)
2. Where does growth occur in an animal? (1)
3. What is a meristem? (1)
4. Identify two locations in a plant where a meristem would be found.
(1)
Total 15 marks
Exercise 6
Create a leaflet that describes the medical benefits and the potential
ethical issues of using stem cells. You must remember to include:
 What are stem cells?
 What are the two types of stem cells?
 The medical uses of stem cells.
 What are the ethical issues associated with using embryonic stem
cells?
(Marks available for, quality of research, references, detailed description
of information and ethical issues considered)
(4)
Key Area 2.3a – Control and Communication: nervous system
Exercise 7
1. Name the three key parts that make up the human nervous system.
(3)
2. Which of the following describes the flow of information in the
nervous system?
(1)
a. Stimuli Sensory neurone  Motor neurone  CNS  Response
b. Stimuli Sensory neurone  CNS  Motor neurone  Response
c. Stimuli Motor neurone  CNS  Sensory neurone  Response
3. Copy and complete the following sentences only using one of the
options in the brackets:
a. Humans are an example of a (multicellular/unicellular)
organism.
b. The human body has an internal communication system called
the (nervous/impulse) system.
c. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the
(spinal cord/neurones).
d. Responses to nerve impulses are brought about by
(receptors/effectors).
e. The first nerve cell in a reflex arc is the (sensory/relay)
neurone.
(5)
4. Describe how your body responds to touching a very hot plate. Use
the following key words: motor neurone, sensory neurone, Reflex
arc, rapid, relay neurone, effector (muscle), stimulus.
(4)
Total 13 marks
Exercise 8
1. Rearrange and copy out the part of the brain and the function it
carries out:
Part of Brain
Cerebrum
Function
Controls breathing and heart rate.
Cerebellum
Controls balance and coordination
of movement
Medulla
Decision
making,
memories,
emotions and reasoning
(3)
2. Name the tiny space between the end of one neurone and the
sensory fibre of another.
(1)
3. Look at the picture of a reflex arc below. Name the numbered
missing words from the diagram.
(5)
3.
4.
2.
5.
1.
4. Research the story of the American man, Phineas Gage and then
answer the following questions:What happened to him?
What effect did his injury to the brain have on him?
What part of his brain was affected?
Can you explain why it had this effect on him?
(4)
Total 13 marks
Key area 2.3b - Control and communication: endocrine
system
Exercise 9
Research task from PowerPoint. Researching a gland in the human body.
Marks available for referencing, level of detail, covered all points listed in
powerpoint.
(3)
Exercise 10
Produce an information leaflet or poster that could be given to someone
who has just been diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Include information about: the causes of their disease
 symptoms of diabetes
 how their disease is treated
 the dangers associated with high blood glucose levels
Include all references used.
(4)
Exercise 11
1.
What is a hormone? (1)
2. Give two similarities and two differences between the
control of body functions by the nervous system and the control
by the endocrine system. (4)
3. Give an example of a target organ and the effect that a
particular hormone has on that target organ. (2)
4. Copy the flow chart below describing the body’s response to
increased blood glucose concentration. Complete the chart using
the sentences below: (3)
i. Pancreas releases more insulin into blood
ii. Liver cells store more glucose from the blood as glycogen.
iii. Change detected by receptor cells in the pancreas.
5. Complete the above diagram by describing the body’s response
to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Make sure you include the
name of the hormone involved.
(3)
Total 13 marks
Key Area 2.4 - Reproduction
Exercise 12
1. Give a definition of the terms Sexual and Asexual reproduction (2)
2. Name one organism that uses sexual and one organism that uses
asexual reproduction methods.
(2)
3. Asexual reproduction produces identical offspring. Give a reason
why this could be a benefit to an organism (plant or animal).
4. Give
an
advantage
sexual
reproduction
has
over
reproduction.
(1)
asexual
(1)
5. Give the meaning of the following terms:
a) haploid
b) diploid
(2)
6. Define the term gamete.
(1)
7. What is produced in the testes of males?
(1)
8. What are contained within the ovaries of females?
(1)
9. Fertilisation in animals can occur in two ways. Name them.
(2)
10. Which fertilisation method would more likely to be successful and
why?
(2)
Total 15 marks
Exercise 13
1. Define the term pollination.
(1)
2. Name the two types of pollination.
(2)
3. Name the two methods of pollination.
(2)
4. Name the sites of gamete production in plants.
(1)
5. Name the male and female gametes in plants.
(1)
6. Name the sites of gamete production in animals.
(1)
7. Name the male and female gametes in animals.
(2)
8. Describe the process of fertilisation in the following:
a) plants
b) animals
(2)
9. Give the term used for a fertilised egg cell in humans.
(1)
10. Explain why gametes are haploid.
(2)
Total 15 marks
Exercise 14
1. Create a poster that describes the process of reproduction in
plants. You must include:
i. Information on gamete production in plants
ii. Explanations about pollination with examples
iii. The process of fertilisation in plants.
iv. Diagrams that demonstrate your understanding and
support your explanations.
(4)
Key area 2.5 – Variation and Inheritance
Exercise 15
1. Describe the term variation.
(1)
2.
a. What is meant by the terms discrete and continuous
variation?
(2)
b. Give TWO examples of each type of variation amongst
humans.
(2)
3. A survey was taken to see the blood groups of a number of
different people from the same town:
Blood Group
Number of people
A
32
B
18
AB
5
O
45
a)
Draw a suitable graph of the data in the table above. (2)
b)
Which blood group is most abundant?
(1)
c)
Is the data discrete or continuous?
(1)
d)
How many people were tested in this survey?
(1)
4. Give a definition of the term polygenic inheritance.
(1)
Total 11 marks
Exercise 16
Gregor Mendel is known as the “Father of Genetics”. His work is still used
today to describe patterns of inheritance in living organisms.
Use a variety of sources (eg. books/internet) to research the life and
work of Mendel.
Present your information as a report that is at least 100 words long. List
all of the references that you used and make sure you include details of
his genetic work.
Exercise 17
1. Match the following words with their definitions
Alleles
Dominant
Recessive allele
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Genotype
Always show up in the appearance of an
organism, even if there is only one copy
of this allele.
Where
the
two
alleles
characteristic are the same.
for
a
Different forms of the same gene
Where
the
two
alleles
characteristic are different.
for
a
Will only show up in an organism if there
are two copies and gives way to dominant
alleles.
The genetic make up of an organism. It is
represented as different letters that
represent the different alleles for a
gene.
The outward/physical appearance of the
organism. It is described in words.
(7)
2. Look at the single gene cross of purple and white strain pea plants and
answer the following questions
a. What is the genotype of each
parent plant?
b. What is the genotype of all the
F1 generation plants?
c. What are the possible F2
genotypes?
d. If 100 F2 generation plants were
produced, how many would you
expect to be of the white strain?
Total 11 marks
Key area 2.6a – The need for transport in plants.
Exercise 18
1. Can you explain why a plant needs two different transport
systems? (1)
2. How is a root hair cell adapted to absorbing as much water as
possible? (2)
3. What is the name by which water moves from and area of high
concentration in the soil to an area of low concentration in the root
hair cell? (1)
4. Describe the word Transpiration. (1)
5. Name the three layers of the leaf below. (3)
1.
2.
3.
6. Describe the key differences between the xylem and the phloem
tissue. You could construct a table to compare the two. (6)
Total 14 marks
Key area 2.6b – The need for transport in animals
Exercise 19
A body system is a series of organs working together to carry out a
specific function. Choose a system of the body and find out FIVE
interesting facts about that system.
Write them down and include a reference of where you found your fact!
(5)
(Remember and be careful where you get your facts from!)
Exercise 20
1. Name the four chambers of the heart. (4)
2. Which of the following statements is FALSE: (1)
a. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through
vena cava.
b. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through
pulmonary artery.
c. Deoxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through
pulmonary vein.
d. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through
aorta.
the
the
the
the
3. The muscular wall of the left ventricle is particularly thick. Explain
why this is the case. (1)
4. Construct a table to compare the structure and function of
arteries, veins and capillaries. (6)
5. What is the name given to the red blood pigment haemoglobin when
it combines with oxygen? (1)
Total 13 marks
Exercise 21
1. Explain the role of coronary arteries and the health risk if they
become blocked. (3)
2. Approximately what percentage of air that we breathe in is
Oxygen? (1)
3. Name the features of Alveoli that make them highly efficient at
gas exchange. (3)
4. Copy and complete the following diagram by adding the labels: (2)
a. “O2 moves into the blood”
b. “CO2 moves out of the blood”
Total 9 marks
Exercise 22
1. Name parts 1 to 12 of the digestive system (12)
2. What is the name given to the process of muscles moving food along
the oesophagus? (1)
3. What is the function of digestion? (1)
4. Explain how the internal structure of a
villus is suited to the transport of digested
food. (2)
Total 16 marks
Key area 2.7 – Effects of lifestyle choices on human
transport and exchange systems
Exercise 23
Research HWK
Research a type of Cancer that is linked to a poor lifestyle. Produce a
report, presentation or poster to provide information on it.
This should include: The type of cancer.
 What part of the body does it affect?
 How can a poor lifestyle lead to its development?
 Treatments.
 Any other information of number of cases, survival rates etc.
Remember to include all references for the information used.
Exercise 24
1. Give three examples of lifestyle choices that could result in health
problems. (3)
2. What are some of the physical and emotional risks of a high-fat
diet? (2)
3. Name two lifestyle choices that can help a person combat obesity.
(2)
4.
a. Which metallic element is required in the diet for the
formation of haemoglobin? (1)
b. Which foods are good source of this metallic element? (1)
5. Look at the scenarios below. For each one give an example of a
lifestyle choice that a person could make to reduce its risk, impact
or effect: (4)
a. Heart attack caused by blocked coronary arteries.
b. High levels of carbon monoxide pollution in the atmosphere.
c. Cirrhosis of the liver due to long term alcohol abuse.
d. High blood pressure.
6. Hospitals are unlikely to provide a liver transplant for a person who
still shows signs of alcohol abuse. Why do you think that this is
the case? (2)
Total 15 marks
Exercise 24
Preparation for a debate.
You teacher will have given you a title that you will be debating and also
whether you are for or against the idea.
Prepare your arguments, either for or against, using information you have
researched and been given in class. You should look for evidence like
statistics or quotes from professionals to back up your arguments.
(Remember an argument only works if you can back it up!)