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Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware Multiple Choice Select the best answer. 1. Which of these is not something an electronic hardware devices needs in order to function? a. method for the CPU to communicate with the device b. software to instruct and control the device c. flash ROM to store instructions permanently d. electricity to power the device 2. How many bits are in a byte? a. 16 b. 8 c. 4 d. 2 3. Which of the following does not protect your computer from electrical issues? a. surge condtioner b. UPS c. surge suppressor d. power conditioner 4. Which of these ports is not found coming directly off the motherboard to be used by external devices? a. serial port b. peripheral port c. parallel port d. USB port 5. Which of these is not a way that configuration information can be stored on a motherboard? a. traces b. jumpers c. CMOS configuration chip d. switches Correct answers: 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 a Fill-in-the-Blank Write the word or phrase to fill in the blank in each of the following questions. 1. Input, processing, output, and _______ are the four primary functions of hardware. 2. The computer could not do its job without the assistance of the ________, a group of microchips on the motherboard that control the flow of data and instructions to and from the CPU. 3. The motherboard also is referred to as the main board or _____________. 4. A measure called _________ indicates the maximum voltage the entire surge suppressor allows to reach your equipment. 5. ROM BIOS chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called ________. 6. _________ is a standard that defines how the motherboard communicates with secondary storage devices. 7. __________, commonly known as static electricity, is an electrical charge at rest which can build up on the surface of insulating materials. 8. A __________ is an antistatic strap you wear around your wrist. 9. A ________ is a board that hopes microchips and the circuitry that connects these chips. 10. Devices that the CPU communicates with that are not directly on the motherboard are called ______ devices. Correct answers 1. storage 2. chip set 3. system board 4. let-through voltage 5. Flash ROM 6. EIDE (enhanced integrated drive electronics) 7. electrostatic discharge (ESD) 8. ground bracelet 9. circuit board 10. peripheral Matching Terms Match the terms with their definitions. ___ 1. volatile ___ 2. hertz (Hz) a. component on the motherboard used primarily for processing b. refers to temporary memory that needs a constant electrical charge to hold data ___ 3. bit c. unit of measurement for clock speed (frequency) ___ 4. motherboard d. a 0 or 1 used by the binary number system e. basic input/output system; firmware that controls much of a computer’s input and output functions f. provides a grounded surface on which to work g. provides backup power in the event that the power fails completely during a blackout. ___ 5. UPS ___ 6. BIOS ___ 7. power supply ___ 8. data bus ___ 9. ground mat ___ 10. CPU h. largest and most important circuit board in a computer i. box inside the computer case that supplies power to the motherboard and other devices j. lines on a bus that the CPU uses to send and receive data Correct Answers _b_ 1. volatile _c_ 2. hertz (Hz) _d_ 3. bit _h_ 4. motherboard _g_ 5. UPS _e_ 6. BIOS _i_ 7. power supply _j_ 8. data bus _f_ 9. ground mat _a_ 10. CPU a. component on the motherboard used primarily for processing b. refers to temporary memory that needs a constant electrical charge to hold data c. unit of measurement for clock speed (frequency) d. a 0 or 1 used by the binary number system e. basic input/output system; firmware that controls much of a computer’s input and output functions f. provides a grounded surface on which to work g. provides backup power in the event that the power fails completely during a blackout. h. largest and most important circuit board in a computer i. box inside the computer case that supplies power to the motherboard and other devices j. lines on the system bus that the CPU uses to send and receive data Short Answer Questions Write a brief answer to each of the following questions. 1. Based on what you have learned in this chapter, when working on a Word document, why is it important to save your work often? Explain your answer using the two terms, primary storage and secondary storage. 2. Why do you think the trend is to store configuration information on a motherboard in CMOS setup rather than by using jumpers or switches? 3. Why would it be difficult to install four hard drives, one CD-ROM drive, and one DVD drive in a single system? 4. What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard? 5. What are some important safety precautions to take when working on a computer system? Correct answers 1. Because data is temporarily stored in RAM or primary storage, which is volatile. If the power is lost, all data in primary storage is lost. In order to secure the data, it must be copied from primary storage to secondary storage, such as a hard drive or floppy disk, which is nonvolatile or permanent storage. 2. Possible answers: Because changing setup using jumpers or switches requires opening the computer case, and CMOS setup is easier to change. Because there are many more settings on today’s newer motherboards that would require too many jumpers and switches 3. These types of drives are normally EIDE devices, and a system can only hold four EIDE devices. Also, most computer cases don’t have enough bays to hold this many 4. An expansion slot on a motherboard is used for an expansion card, which enables a device that is not on the motherboard to communicate with the CPU. 5. Possible answers are listed in Figure 1-32 in Chapter 1. These include the following: Make notes as you work so that you can backtrack later if necessary. When unpacking hardware or software, remove the packing tape and cellophane from the work area as soon as possible. Keep components away from your hair and clothing. Keep screws and spacers orderly and in one place, such as a cup or tray. Do not stack boards on top of each other; you accidentally could dislodge a chip. When handling motherboards and expansion cards, do not touch the chips on the boards. Hold expansion cards by the edges. Do not touch any soldered components on a card, and do not touch chips or edge connectors unless it is absolutely necessary. Do not touch a chip with a magnetized screwdriver. Do not use a graphite pencil to change DIP switch settings, because graphite is a conductor of electricity, and the graphite can lodge in the switch. Always turn off a computer before moving it. A computer’s hard drive always spins while it is on, unless it has a sleep mode. Therefore, it is important not to move, kick, or jar a computer while it is running. To protect disks, keep them away from magnetic fields, heat, and extreme cold. Do not open the shuttle window on a floppy disk or touch the disk’s surface. To protect both you and the equipment when working inside a computer, turn off the power, unplug the computer, and always use a ground bracelet. Never touch the inside of a computer that is turned on. Consider the monitor and the power supply to be black boxes. Never remove the cover or put your hands inside this equipment unless you know about the hazards of charged capacitors and have been trained to deal with them. Both the power supply and the monitor can hold a dangerous level of electricity even after you turn them off and disconnect them from a power source. The power supply and monitor contain enough power to kill you, even when they are unplugged. In a classroom environment, after you have reassembled everything, have your instructor check your work before you put the cover back on and power up.