Download Ch. 12 Notes Packet

Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
Section 12.1: Chin under the Sui, Tang, & Sung Dynasties
 The Sui and Tang Dynasties
 In the late 500s AD, an invader group reunited China for the first time
since the Han Dynasty collapsed
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 In 615 AD, the Turks defeated the Chinese and after an uprising in
618, they were replaced by the Tang
 Expansion under the Tang
 The Tang defeat the invading Turks expanding the empire further
west than ever before and culturally influenced Korea and Japan
 Xi’an was their capital and it had a population of nearly 2 million
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Literature under the tang
 Li Bo, a Daoist wrote poems describing the delight’s of life
 He died after getting drunk and reaching for the moon’s
reflection the water; he drowned
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Religion in Tang China
 Empress Wu (r. 690-705 AD) was a supporter of Buddhism and
the only women to hold the Chinese throne
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 In the last years of the Tang, the growing power of Buddhism was
seen as a threat and the government destroyed shrines and
monuments and took the land from monasteries
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 The decline of the Tang dynasty
 Weak emperors led to decline and in 900 AD, nomads were
invading China
 In 907 AD, a warlord who had murdered the emperor took
the throne ending the dynasty
 China under the Sung Dynasty
 Established in 960 AD but never regained control of all of China
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________







Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
Mongols called the Qidan took Chinese territory in Southern Manchuria in
the mid-900s AD
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
The Juchen established the Jin dynasty in Northern China with a capital in
Beijing, which competed with the Sung for control
Trade and arts
 ______________________________________________________
 Sung artisans perfected making porcelain and artists produced
beautiful landscape paintings
The civil service system
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Applicants were assigned a number and did not use their
name on the exam
 Guards took watched over exams to stop cheating
 __________________________________________
Great inventions
 The Chinese invented gunpowder, it was not used in warfare until
the 900s AD
 The Chinese learned how to make ink & paper as they invented
printing
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Peasant life
 China’s population was 100 million in 1050AD
 A new type of quick-ripening rice from Southeast Asia let farmers
grow two crops each year
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
City life
 The cities of Sung China had very large populations
 Shoppers watched puppet shows, plays, dancers & acrobats
in the streets
 Cities had gov’t sponsored hospitals and orphanages to aid
the poor, but poverty and overcrowding was a major issue
 Foot binding
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 Small feet were a sign of beauty
Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
Section 12.2: The Mongol Empire
 Genghis Khan & the Mongols
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 At its height, the Mongol army had 100,000 cavalry that covered up to 100
miles in day
 Mongol riders surrounded their enemy like hunters surrounding
wild game
 They would wear down an enemy through constant attack or threat
of attack using large weapons like catapults and giant crossbows
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Mongol conquests
 Genghis Khan conquered central Asia & most of Persia
 Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan) conquered most of
China, Tibet, and parts of Southeast Asia
 He failed to conquer Japan
 Batu (another grandson of Genghis) swept across Europe
conquering Russia and raiding central Europe
 The Europeans called the Mongols, The Golden Horde as
their tents were gold colored
 Mongol rule
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 In 1260 AD, Kublai Kahn was named Great Khan (head of the
Mongol Empire)
 He adopted many Chinese traditions and relied on Chinese
officials at his court in China
 China under the Mongols
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Khan extended the length of the Grand Canal, fostered trade routes w/
India & Persia
 Improved trade encouraged China’s economic growth
 Over time, harsh taxes helped to undermine Yuan authority
and promoted resentment to Mongol rule
 Contact w/ Europeans
 Under the Mongols, contact w/ China & the world increased
 The king of France and the pope sent ambassadors to China
 Christian missionaries also came to China
Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 Chinese-Mongol relations
 The Chinese & Mongols spoke different languages
 Mongols did not treat the Chinese as equals
 Chinese were punished worse than Mongols for the same crime
 Mongols and Chinese could not marry
 After Kublai Kahn’s death, rebellions sprang up & finally ended
the dynasty in 1368 AD
Section 12.3: Japan, Korea, & Southeast Asia
 The Physical Setting
 Japan consists of four large islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, &
Shikoku
 No place in Japan is more than about 100 miles from the ocean
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Earthquakes, tidal waves, & typhoons often strike the islands
 These natural events & island status left Japan isolated
from the world
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Japan’s Beginnings
 In prehistoric times, migrants from Asia settled the Japanese islands
 The most powerful migrant clan was on the island of Honshu
 Since then the Japanese people have come together to form
a strong, unified society
 Early history
 The Japanese believed in gods or nature spirits (kami) that lived in
natural objects
 ________________________________________________
 Shinto worship involves prayers & rituals to please the
kami
 ________________________________________________
 The first emperor of the Yamato clan reigned in the 300s
AD
 Early history continued
 The Japanese adopted Chinese writing in the 700s
 ________________________________________________
 The religion spread within Japan & the Japanese
people practiced both Buddhism & Shinto
 Chinese influences
 Chinese art, science, gov’t, & fashion influenced Japanese society
Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 It centralized the gov’t & gave the emperor more
power over the people
 W/ time the Japanese became less dependent on the Chinese
 The Tale of Genji a Japanese story that is seen as a literary
masterpiece
 Feudal Japan
 Gov’t in feudal Japan
 The 1st family to gain control over the central gov’t was the
Fujiwara
 In 1185 AD, the Minamoto clan gained power
 In 1192 AD, the emperor granted Minamoto
Yoritomo the title of shogun (general)
 __________________________________________
__________________________________________
 In 1331 AD, the emperor Go-Daigo tried to take back power, but
failed
 His general Ashikaga Takauji claimed the shogunate and
the Ashikaga clan ruled for 250 years
 ________________________________________________
 The samurai followed a code of behavior called
Bushido (way of the warrior), which stressed
loyalty, bravery and honor
 __________________________________________
 The daimyo
 Local lords became known as daimyo “great names” gained great
power
 These lords & samurai became the most powerful people in Japan
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Zen Buddhism
 Taught salvation through enlightenment, not faith & self-discipline
through long hours of meditation
 These skills helped warriors in battle
 Korea
 Korea’s history
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 As early as 300 BC, migrants arrived from China bringing
metalworking and agriculture skills
 In the 100s BC: The Chosen rulers in Korea controlled the
Korean peninsula
Name:______________________
World History: The Far East
Notes Packet: Ch. 12
 In 108 BC, the Han conquered Korea and made it a
colony
 When the Han dynasty fell, the Koguryo kingdom
took Northern Korea took the part of Korea taken
by the Han
 Unification under Silla
 Korea was divided into three kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche & Silla
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 The Silla then turned on the Tang & drove them out of
Korea and united all of Korea in 670 AD
 In the 1200s AD, The Mongols took control of Korea
 When Mongols faded, Korea was ruled by the Yi
dynasty until 1910 when Japan conquered the
peninsula
 The growth of Korean culture
 Korean rulers built dynasties controlled by heredity kings
 During the 300s the ideals of Chinese Buddhism were brought to
Korea
 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 The people of ancient Korea built a civilization that was unique &
distinct from China
 Korean society was sharply divided between traditional
nobles & its small upper class & its very large lower class
 During the 1400s the emperor Sejong ordered the development of a
Korean alphabet
 Civilization in Southeast Asia
 Northern Vietnam known as Annam was controlled by China for most of
its history
 ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Vietnam used the writing system & political organization
of China
 Much of the rest of mainland Southeast Asia was shaped by Indian culture
 Ruins in Cambodia of the Angor Wat shows scenes from the
Hindu epics
 The Khmer Empire centered in Cambodia (reigned 850-1250 AD) adopted
Hindu and Buddhist beliefs & built temples, water systems, & hospitals
 The abuses of the Khmer kings led to the overthrow of the empire