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Welcome to
AP Human Geography!!!
You are now part
of a seriously
important and
cool class!
http://youtu.be/oJLqyuxm96k
Warm -up
• Quickly with a person next to you,
write down two things you did over the
holidays that illustrate some aspect of
human geography?
What is Geography?
Geography is a representation of the whole known
world together with the phenomena which are
contained therein.
Ptolemy, Geographia 2nd Century A.D.
Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand,
its view panoramic. It sweeps the surface of the Earth,
charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their
areal differentiation, and their ecological dynamics with
humankind. Its foremost tool is the map.
Leonard Krishtalka, Carnegie Museum of Natural
History, 20th Century A.D.
What is Geography?
Geography is the study of what is
where and WHY it’s there.
Okay, but what exactly is it?
Well, it’s a way of thinking about intellectual problems, both natural and
societal, which emphasizes the importance of spatial relationships.. Take
any social, environmental, or physical question or problem and ask yourself
whether there is a spatial aspect to it. Chances are that space and place
play a role in the explanation and distribution of that question.
Mike Reed, Making It Up As I Go
For example:
Why are so many plant and animal species becoming extinct at the
beginning of the 21st century?
Why do there always seem to be so many wars in Africa?
Why is corn such an important part of a traditional Mexican diet?
Why are some beers known as India Pale Ales?
Why is the Middle East always in the news?
Place and Space
These two concepts are the basis of geography!
Place is what we identify with in every location
we see, think of, or imagine. It includes all of
our senses and delves into our mind through
perceptions and memories.
Space is the vary connectedness that is
essential for us to make sense of distance. Our
ability to recognize spatial awareness makes it
critically important to understanding the
world we live in.
Basic divisions of Geography
• Physical Geography
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Rocks and Minerals
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Landforms
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Soils
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Animals
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Plants
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Water
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Atmosphere
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Rivers and Other Water Bodies
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Environment
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Climate and Weather
Human Geography
Population
Settlements
Economic Activities
Transportation
Recreational Activities
Religion
Political Systems
Social Traditions
Human Migration
Agricultural Systems
• Geography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a
holistic or synthesizing science.
APHug Circle
SO….
What will you learn in here?
• “Spatialize” everything you see
• Make connections between
seemingly disparate things
• Speculate about the question of not
only where but WHY?
• Always look for patterns, or
• The lack of a pattern
• Predict situations and scenarios
What else will you learn this
year?
“Geography is Everything &
Everything is Geography!!”
FOR
EXAMPLE
The Geography of Breakfast
•
Take a minute to write down everything you ate for breakfast or
lunch today
Breakfast Foods
Food
Place of Origin
Current Production
coffee
Ethiopia
Tropics
oranges
South Asia, India
US, Mediterranean
pork
China, South Asia
Worldwide
wheat
Near East
US, Russia, Argentina
tea
China
Asia
oats
Near East
Temperate Climates
pepper
South America
Americas, Asia
Key Questions
• What are geographic questions?
• Why do geographers use maps, and what
do maps tell us?
• Why are geographers concerned with
scale and connectedness?
• What are geographic concepts, and how
are they used in answering geographic
questions?
Do you remember your 5 themes
of geography?
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Location
Place
Human-Environment interaction
Movement
Regions
Key re-curing terms
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Cultural landscape
Sequent occupance
GPS
GIS
Remote sensing
Activity space
Mental maps
Scale
Re-scale
Time-distance decay
Environmental
determinism
• Possibilism
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Formal region
Functional region
Perceptual region
Cultural traits
Cultural complex
Cultural hearth
Independent innovation
Cultural diffusion
Cultural barriers
Expansion diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Relocation diffusion
Cultural ecology
Early spatial analysis and handheld GIS
• Dr. John Snow in the
Soho district of
London, 1854.
• Ends a cholera
outbreak by mapping
water source of recent
deaths.
• Broad Street pump
was removed and
deaths receded.
Properties of Distribution
• Density – is the number of anything per
area. I.e. population density
• Concentration – how it is spread out
• Pattern – the geometric or regular
arrangement of something within a given
area.
How maps can mislead
Maps can make great comparisons!
Religion in the Middle East
Perceptions and map realities
Population Change by County
You will learn to read Age-Sex
Diagrams (aka Population Pyramids)
Diffusion is huge in APHug!
• Contagious diffusion
is an example of
(expansion) diffusion.
Spreading outwardly
from it’s core.
• Hierarchical
diffusion literally
bounces from place to
place due to money,
technology, tastes.
Diffusion is huge in APHug!
• Stimulus diffusion is
also an example of
(expansion) diffusion.
• Ideas are rejected and
or adapted.
• Aids in
transculturation.
Changes in Hispanic Population in
Phoenix (1990 to 2000)
Now, compare Hispanics and Whites
in Phoenix (2000)
These issues are not only in
big cities like Phoenix?
What does the sign say about
this place?
The Baby Boomers Retire
Environmental Issues in Human
Geography
Globalization!!
It’s everywhere
Diffusion, Assimilation,
and Adaptation
Where the heck are we? Let’s
analyze what we are seeing.
Why is this place in the news
almost daily?
And why is that guy so handsome?
Who Won? The Texans, the
Cubs or the flying monkeys???
Look for things which are right in front of
you – but you have never seen them before
Or in my case, where’s “baldo”?
Chapter 1 TEST
This Thursday, January 15th
33-40 Multiple Choice
Powerpoint is on my website:
www.geocoachcherry.weebly.com
Also all content found in Chapter 1 of the
book
Bring your knowledge to the test.