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NOTES 9-2: “MEDIEVAL EUROPE”
I. The Rise of Christianity
A. It was during the __________ ________ that Christianity
in the form of the Roman _________ Church became a
political power in western ___________.
B. By the A.D. 500s, ___________ had become the leaders
of the Church.
C. In Eastern Europe, Christianity was known as
____________ ____________ and was under the
leadership of the emperors in Constantinople.
D. The early popes sent _______________, teachers of
Christianity, to every part of Europe.
E. Through its schools, the Christian Church greatly
advanced _____________ in Europe.
F. Beginning in the A.D. 1000s, the Church sponsored a
series of holy wars called the ________________.
II. The Holy Roman Empire
A. The Germans combined their ___________ ________, the
unwritten laws that come from local customs, with
____________ law and founded kingdoms all over
Europe—from Spain to ____________ to Germany and
____________.
B. One of the most important German kingdoms was that
of the _______________.
C. In 771 _______________ was elected king of the Franks.
D. On _____________ Day in the year 800, Charlemagne
was proclaimed the protector of the Christian Church in
the West and was crowned the head of the Roman
Empire in the West, which became known as the
_________ __________ ____________.
III. Medieval Society
A. Most people during the Middle Ages were farmers who
lived under _______________.
B. Under feudalism, lords would give land to a __________
or ___________ to work, govern, and defend.
C. In return, those who received the land swore loyalty to
the lords and became their ______________.
D. The feudal estate and basic economic unit was called
the __________________.
E. Two types of farmers on the manor were
________________ and ________________.
F. Serfs were not as ___________ and usually _________
than tenant farmers.
IV. The Growth of Cities
A. _______________ in the Middle Ages were fairly
independent and free of the feudal lords’ _____________.
B. They served as centers of _______________ and
____________________.
C. Manufacturing came under the control of workers’
organizations known as _____________.
D. Over time, some towns grew into _____________ and
became ____________ and _____________ centers as well.
E. _____________ won the support of the townspeople by
building great ______________ and granting the
residents privileges and freedoms in written documents
called _______________.