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1 World Geography – Grade 8 – Study Guide Learning Concepts to Review and Remember Skills to Practice and Perfect Unit: Tools of Geography Latitude/Longitude (Coordinates) Absolute/Relative location Hemisphere Names and locations of specific bodies of water, land cover, land forms, regions, continents, 50 US states, countries (see attached list) Directions – Cardinal/Intermediate Map Projections and Distortion Parts of a map Mental Maps How to read/interpret different types of Maps, Graphs, Charts/Tables, Cartograms, Climate graph Unit 2: Physical Geography Climate Sun and Earth relationship: seasons, tilt, direct and indirect sunlight Ocean/wind currents Plate tectonics (mountain building, etc.) Weathering Earth’s Physical Features Climate Zones Unit 3: Human/Environmental Interaction Population Distribution Development Indicators (Economic indicators, Technological Advancements, Education, etc. Commercial farming/fishing Subsistence farming/fishing Economic classification of countries/regions (developed and developing) Natural Resources Settlement/population patterns (urbanization) Factual contrasting perspectives of environmental issues (such as climate change, deforestation, desertification, etc.) Conservation Natural and technological hazards Revised December 2011 2 World Geography – Grade 8 – Study Guide NATIONS: Europe United Kingdom Ukraine France Italy Spain Germany Greece Bosnia Russia Poland Africa Egypt Libya Algeria Nigeria South Africa Somalia Kenya Congo* Liberia Asia Japan China Vietnam North Korea South Korea Turkey India Saudi Arabia Israel Afghanistan Iraq Iran Pakistan Americas Canada Mexico Venezuela Panama Brazil Mountain Ranges Alps Rockies Himalayas Andes Caucasus Ural Appalachian Deserts Sahara Gobi Kalahari Atacama *Democratic Republic of the Congo PHYSICAL FEATURES: Oceans/Seas/Lakes Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Black Sea South China Sea Bay of Bengal Bering Strait Caspian Sea Persian Gulf Revised December 2011 Rivers Yangtze River Amazon River Rhine River Danube River Ganges River Congo River Nile River Rainforests Congo Basin Amazon Rainforest Southeast Asia Rainforest 3 Unit Vocabulary Unit 1: Tools of Geography Bar graph Line graph Climate graphs Precipitation Temperature Projection Cardinal directions Globe Map Cartogram Grid Latitude Longitude Intermediate directions Coordinates Distortion Scale Legend/key Compass rose Hemisphere Unit 2: Physical Geography Archipelago Continental divide Delta Isthmus Mountain/range Peninsula Desert Tundra Rainforest Bay/Gulf River Mouth of the river Source of the river Downstream/upstream Strait Tributary Seasons Ring of Fire Weathering Erosion Ocean currents Wind currents Plate tectonics Climate Polar Temperate/moderate Tropical High/middle/low latitudes Unit 3: Human/Environmental Interaction Urban Subsistence farming Urbanization Agriculture Rural Natural resource Primitive Renewable resource Developed country Non-renewable resource Developing country Conservation Commercial farming Endangered species Fossil fuels Climate change Revised December 2011 Deforestation Desertification Population distribution Population density Natural hazards Technological hazards Birth/death rates Infant mortality