Download Review sheet – Chapter 4

Review sheet – Chapter 4
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Know that Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells with a microscope and that Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe/see bacteria
Be able to describe the cell theory
Understand that the electron microscope provides greater resolution than a traditional light microscope and
allowed for scientists to examine the internal anatomy of cells
Know that some cells can be large (up to 1m) but most are microscopic
Know that cells are limited in size by the internal molecules and structures necessary for survival (minimum size)
and by the surface area/volume relationship (as you get bigger, your SA/V decreases) needed to obtain nutrients
and exchange gases with the environment
Understand that prokaryotic cells are small (1-10µm) while eukaryotic cells are somewhat larger (10-100µm)
Understand that a larger cell has more surface area and more volume than a smaller cell, but that the surface
area/volume ratio of a larger cell is less than that of a smaller cell
Know the difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells in terms of size, internal structure and DNA
storage
Understand that all cells – prokaryotic or eukaryotic – are bounded by a plasma membrane, have chromosomes
made of DNA, and contain ribosomes
Understand the four basic functional groups of organelles (manufacturing, hydrolysis, energy processing, and
support/movement/communication) and which organelles belong to which
Understand the differences between plant and animal cells (chloroplasts, cell walls, central vacuole = plant)
Know what cytoplasm is
Understand the function and structure of the plasma membrane; understand that proteins form channels
enabling specific ions and other molecules to cross
Understand that the nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA (where is the rest?) and controls the cell’s activities
by directing protein synthesis
Know what chromatin is and be familiar with its ‘beads-on-a-string’ structure
Understand that the nucleolus is the site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and that rRNA assembles
proteins to form ribosomes
Know what each organelle’s function is in the cell (ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, the cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix)
Know the difference (structure and function) between rough and smooth ER
Understand that organelles are membrane-bound and the significance of this
Be familiar with the 3 different types of vacuoles
Understand the process of cellular respiration (by definition; we go more into this in Chapter 6)
Understand that mitochrondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for endosymbiosis (how?)
Know the 3 types of filaments: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate, and how they differ by size
Know the difference between cilia and flagella and that they are made up of microtubules in a “9+2”
arrangement
Know what a gap junction is