Download Define each of the following

Fall Semester Review - EOC
Chapter 1
Define each of the following
1. Geography ______________________________________________________________________
2. Absolute Location_________________________________________________________________
3. Relative Location_________________________________________________________________
4. Equator_________________________________________________________________________
5. Prime Meridian___________________________________________________________________
6. Latitude Lines____________________________________________________________________
7. Longitude Lines___________________________________________________________________
8. Cartographer_____________________________________________________________________
9. GPS ____________________________________________________________________________
10. GIS ____________________________________________________________________________
11. Map Projection___________________________________________________________________
12. What are the 3 types of regions & give an example or explain?
A. _________________________________________________________________________
B. _________________________________________________________________________
C. _________________________________________________________________________
13. What are the 3 types of Movement? __________________________________________________
14. List all the tools Geographers use. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
15. What are the advantages of using a globe? _____________________________________________
16. What are the advantages of using a map? ______________________________________________
17. What are the different types of maps? There are 5. _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
18. What information does a thematic map give? ___________________________________________
19. Who uses navigational maps? _______________________________________________________
20. What are 2 types of topographic maps? _______________________________________________
21. What are the 2 best know satellites used for map making? _________________________________
22. What are the parts of a map? There are 9. ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
23. What are the 3 types of thematic maps? ________________________________________________
24. In what 2 way do humans interact with their environment? ________________________________
25. What are the 2 features of the geographic theme of Place? _________________________________
26. What other tools are used to make maps today? _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2
Section 1 pages 27-31
27. What are the three main layers of the earth AND what do they consist of? ____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
28. What are the three parts of the biosphere? ______________________________________________
29. How can the presence of seven continents on the earth’s surface be explained? ________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Section 2 pages 32-36
30. What makes Earth unlike all the other planets in our solar system? __________________________
31. How much of the earth is covered by water? ____________________________________________
32. What are the three basic motions of the ocean AND describe each of them? ___________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
33. How does the motion of the ocean help to distribute heat on earth? __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
34. Describe the hydrologic cycle and how it works. ________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
35. What percentage of the earth’s fresh water supply is contained in lakes? _____________________
36. What are the four categories of relief? _________________________________________________
37. What do topographic maps show? ____________________________________________________
Section 3 pages 37-41
38. What are tectonic plates? ___________________________________________________________
39. How do tectonic plates move? ______________________________________________________
40. What are the 3 type of boundaries AND describe them?
A. _________________________________________________________________________
B. _________________________________________________________________________
C. _________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the difference between folds and faults? _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
42. What causes earthquakes? __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
43. Where do most earthquakes occur? ___________________________________________________
44. What are some effects of earthquakes? ________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
45. What happens in a volcanic eruption? _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
46. Where are the majority of active volcanoes located? ______________________________________
47. Where do volcanoes that are far from the margins of tectonic plates appear? ___________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
48. What are some of the benefits of volcanic action? ________________________________________
Section 4 pages 42-45
49. How does mechanical weathering occur? ______________________________________________
50. List 4 activities that cause mechanical weathering? _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
51. How does chemical weathering occur? ________________________________________________
52. How does mechanical and chemical weathering differ? ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
53. What are the transporting agents for erosion to occur? ____________________________________
54. What landforms are produced by wind erosion? _________________________________________
55. How do glaciers change the land? ____________________________________________________
56. What factors determine soil fertility? _________________________________________________
57. Why is the type of soil in a location important? _________________________________________
Chapter 3 Page 48 – Section 1
Definitions – Solstice, equinox, weather, climate, precipitation, rain shadow, hurricane, typhoon,
tornado, blizzard, drought
60. As the earth revolves around the sun, it is tilted at _____________ degrees.
61. What causes the changing seasons on the earth? ________________________________________
62. What is the importance of the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn? ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
63. What are the 2 days that a Solstice occurs? ____________________________________________
64. What importance does the Fall Equinox, and Spring Equinox have? ________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
65. What is the difference between weather and climate? ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
66. What 5 things affect daily weather? _______________________, _________________________,
______________________, ________________________________, _______________________
67. What are the 4 forms of Precipitation? _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
68. What are the 3 classifications of precipitation by geographers? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
69. How does Orographic precipitation affect land? _______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
70. Where do hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones form? ______________________________________
71. What is the difference between a hurricane and a tornado? ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
72. Due to _______________, some areas of land are more frequently hit by blizzards than other areas?
73. Melting snow or excessive amounts of rainfall fill streams or rivers until they reach flood stage which
is? _______________________________________________________________________
74. The river’s surrounding area where floods go is called? __________________________________
Page 54 – Section 2
Definitions – Convection, El Nino, Greenhouse effect
75. __________ and ___________________ help distribute the sun’s heat from one part of the world go
another by _____________________.
76. The Global Wind Currents are created by as _____________ flows toward the poles, and
__________________ flows toward the equator.
77. North America’s winds are called? __________________________________________________
78. How do the ocean currents affect the movement of cold and warm water? ___________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
79. _______________________________ and _____________________________ influence climate.
80. Name and define the 3 Zones of Latitude:
a. _________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________
81. What is the difference between El Nino and La Nina:
a. _________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________
82. What is the greenhouse effect? ______________________________________________________
P. 59 – Section 3
83. What is tundra? _________________________________________________________________
84. What is permafrost? _____________________________________________________________
85. What are the 2 significant factors that define climates? ______________________________,
___________________________________
86. Name and define the 12 types of climate.
a. _________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________________________
f. _________________________________________________________________________
g. _________________________________________________________________________
h. _________________________________________________________________________
i. _________________________________________________________________________
j. _________________________________________________________________________
k. _________________________________________________________________________
l. _________________________________________________________________________
P. 65 – Section 4
Definitions - Ecosystem, biome, deciduous, conifer, rain forest, savanna, steppe
87. What are the 12 types of Biomes? Use the table to fill in the column and several features of each.
Biome
Latitude
Climate
Vegetation
Economics
88. What is economics? ________________________________________________________________
89. What is an economic system? _________________________________________________________
90. What is the basic idea of scarcity? ______________________________________________________
91. What are goods? ___________________________________________________________________
92. What are services? __________________________________________________________________
93. What are the fundamental questions of economics? ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
94. What is profit? _____________________________________________________________________
95. What is supply & demand? ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
96. Describe the 5 types of economic systems and give an example of each?
a. Free-enterprise _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Socialism ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
c. Communism ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d. Traditional _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
e. Mixed ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
97. Describe the 4 levels of economic activity & give examples:
a. Primary _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Secondary _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Tertiary _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
d. Quaternary_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
98. What is Human Development Index? ___________________________________________________
99. What does it measure? ______________________________________________________________
100. What is life expectancy? ____________________________________________________________
101. What is infant mortality rate? _________________________________________________________
102. Define GDP? _____________________________________________________________________
103. What is literacy rate? _______________________________________________________________
104. What is the Rust Belt? Page _______________________________________________________
105. What is a post-industrial economy?____________________________________________________
106. What is outsourcing? Page ___________________________________________________________
107. What is the relationship between economic development and quality of life? ___________________
108. What allows people to live in all differ types of climate? _________________________________
109. What is NAFTA and which countries are included? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
110. What is the EU? _________________________________________________________________
111. What is ASEAN? ________________________________________________________________
112. What is OPEC? __________________________________________________________________
113. How does world trade balance uneven distribution of natural resources? _____________________
114. How do people interact with the environment? There are 2 ways. __________________________
115. What is subsistence farming? _______________________________________________________
116. Describe the 3 levels of development.
a. More Developed Countries________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Newly Industrialized Countries_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
c. Less Developed Countries_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Urbanization – Chapter 4 page
117. What is urban geography? ___________________________________________________________
118. What does a city included? ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
119. What do geographers consider when studying cities? ______________________________________
120. What is included in a suburb? _______________________________________________________
121. What are exurbs? _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
122. What is a metropolitan area? _________________________________________________________
123. What is a megalopolis? _____________________________________________________________
124. Why do people move to cities? _______________________________________________________
125. What are the geographic characteristics of cities? There are 5 _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
126. How does location effect establishment of cities? ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
127. What are the 3 basic land patterns found in cities? ________________________________________
128. Why is good transportation essential for a city? _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
129. What is mass transportation? ________________________________________________________
130. Give some examples of mass transit? __________________________________________________
131. What is a city? ____________________________________________________________________
132. What does a city usually begin as? _____________________________________________________
133. What factors cause the area to grow? ___________________________________________________
134. Where in the world is the most rapid urbanization taking place? _____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
135. Cities have always been at the center of what three things? _________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
136. List five positives of a city._______________________________________________ ___________
137. List five negatives of a city. _________________________________________________________
138. Why is April 2010 a significant date in urbanization history? ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
139. What caused the beginning of the massive migration of people from rural areas to the cities?
_______________________________________________________________________________
140. How is urban growth measured? _____________________________________________________
141. Over what time frame has the most rapid urban growth in history has taken place? _____________
_______________________________________________________________________________
142. What is the biggest problem facing cities? _____________________________________________
143. List 5 important factors of infrastructure. ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
144. Where is the CBD located? _________________________________________________________
145. How does population density affect life in a city? ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
146. What is the flight from cities called? __________________________________________________
147. Describe the Sunbelt Phenomenon. __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
148. What is smart growth? ______________________________________________________________
149. What is a sustainable community? ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
150. How can smart growth and a sustainable community help the problems of urbanization? ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
151. Why is urban sprawl a negative of urbanization? __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
152. What are zoning laws? _______________________________________________________________
153. What is a world city?___________________________________________________________________
154. What two factors in Phase II contributed to the rapid changes in cities? _________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
155. What phase of urbanization is the world in now? ___________________________________________
156. Define natural increase. _______________________________________________________________
157. How many cities in the world had a population of 1,000,000+ in 1800?_________ in 1900? ______
Chapter 5 Review Section 1 pg. 117-122
158. What are the 4 differences between the Rocky Mountains from the Appalachian Mountains?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
159. Why is North America the world's leading food exporter? _______________________________
160. What is the Continental Divide? ___________________________________________________
161. What is the key natural resource of the Great Plains? ___________________________________
162. Which natural resource must the United States import to meet its needs? ___________________
163. What is the longest and busiest river system in the US?__________________________________
Section 2 page 123-126
164. What is the main reason so many types of climates are found in the United States?
______________________________________________________________________________
165. What are the reasons for low population density in Canada? _____________________________
166. Why does the majority of Canada’s population live in the southern part of the country? ________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
167. What causes violent thunderstorms, tornadoes & blizzards in the Great Plains? ______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
168. What type of vegetation is found in the humid continental climate region? _____________
Section 3 page 127-130
169. What is one of the world's most important shipping routes? _____________________________
170. Why were a series of locks constructed to form the St. Lawrence Seaway? _________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
171. How did the invention of the Automobile spur growth and movement across America?_______
____________________________________________________________________________________
172. Why did Canadians build their roads going east to west? ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 12 Section 1 page272
173. Why is Europe called the peninsula of peninsulas? _____________________________________
174. What do the mountain chains do for the European people? _______________________________
175. What do Europe’s rivers do for the people? ___________________________________________
176. Where is most of the good farmland in Europe and what is it called?_______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
177. What are the two natural resources that are abundant in Europe? __________________________
178. What was found in the North Sea that helps Europe’s economy, as well as the worlds’?________
Section 2, page 278
179. Because of a marine west coast climate, Europe is what? ________________________________
180. What did the Europeans convert the forest to?_________________________________________
181. Why does Eastern Europe suffer from harsher climate than Western Europe? ________________
Section 3 page 282
182. What do the dikes and the terpen do in the Netherlands?_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
183. What is Venice Italy made of ? ____________________________________________________
184. Why does deforestation take place in Europe? ________________________________________
Chapter 15 – Section 1 pages 344-349
185. Moving from west to east how does the landscape in the northern two-thirds change? _________
_______________________________________________________________________________
186. Which area has the richest agricultural land, the most people and the largest cities?
_______________________________________________________________________________
187. What are the region’s three largest cities? ____________________________________________
188. Why is the Volga one the region’s most important rivers? _______________________________
189. Why is Lake Baikal unique? ______________________________________________________
190. Why might extracting and transporting the regions’ resources be difficult? __________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Section 2 pages 350- 352
191. What are the two main climates of the region?_________________________________________
192. How does distance from the sea affect the region’s climate?______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
193. What is the name of the largest forest on earth? _______________________________________
Section 3 pages 353
194. Why has the Aral Sea lost about 80% of its water since 1960? ____________________________
195. How does Siberia’s climate affect construction? _______________________________________
196. What made the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad an enormous undertaking? ___________
_______________________________________________________________________________
197. Why did Russian official want to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad? ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
198. How did the railroad affect the development of the region? ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________