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North Star Academy College Preparatory High School Name: ______________________________ Team_____________________ EDUCATION IS FREEDOM! Date__________/Mr. McIntire Honors Biology The Funky Functional Groups Challenge 1. Which functional group is ALWAYS polar? ____________________________________________ 2. Which functional group determines the two groups of sugars? ___________________________ 3. Which functional group acts as a base? ______________________________________________ 4. Compounds that contain the functional group –OH are called what? _______________________ 5. Which functional group is ALWAYS nonpolar? _________________________________________ 6. Describe the properties of carboxyl groups. ___________________________________________ 7. Name the following functional group: –COOH _________________________________________ 8. Compounds that contain the –NH2 groups are called? __________________________________ 9. Compounds that contain the functional group –SH are called _____________________________ 10. Describe the properties of sulfhydryl groups. _________________________________________ 11. Name the following functional group: –PO42-? _______________________________________ 12. Name the following functional group C – C = O? _______________________________________ I H 13. Describe the properties of the phosphate groups. ______________________________________ 14. Compounds that contain methyl groups are called? ____________________________________ 15. Name the following functional group: -SH2? ___________________________________________ North Star Academy College Preparatory High School North Star Academy College Preparatory High School Name: ______________________________ Team_____________________ EDUCATION IS FREEDOM! Date__________/Mr. McIntire Honors Biology Focusing on Free Energy 1. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented below? AB + energy A + B a. Anabolic b. Exergonic c. Endergonic d. Oxidation-reduction 2. Which of the following is TRUE about what is taking place in this reaction? a. It is exergonic b. It is an anabolic reaction c. It requires a net input of energy d. It is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP 3. What best characterizes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism? a. The release of free energy during the hydrolysis of ATP heats the surrounding environment b. The free energy released by ATP hydrolysis may be coupled to an endergonic process via the formation of a phosphorylated intermediate c. The ∆G associated with its hydrolysis is positive d. The charge on the phosphate group of ATP tends to make the molecule very watersoluble 4. Which of the following is an example of the cellular work accomplished with the free energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP? a. mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia b. transport work, such as the active transport of an ion into a cell c. chemical work, such as the synthesis of new protein d. all of the above North Star Academy College Preparatory High School 5. Much of the suitability of ATP as an energy intermediary is related to the instability of the bonds between the phosphate groups. These bonds are unstable because a. The valence electrons in the phosphorus atom have less energy on average than those of other atoms b. the negatively charged phosphate groups vigorously repel one another and the terminal phosphate group is more stable in water than it is in ATP c. they are hydrogen bonds, which are only about 10% as strong as covalent bonds d. the bonds between the phosphate groups are unusually strong and breaking them releases free energy 6. A particularly obnoxious acquaintance claims that since life is able to spontaneously create more ordered structures and systems from less ordered structures and systems, that the laws of thermodynamics are wrong, or at the very least do not apply to living systems, and implies that this observation means that a higher power has created life. Briefly explain the flaw(s) in his logic. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ North Star Academy College Preparatory High School Name: ______________________________ Team_____________________ EDUCATION IS FREEDOM! Date__________/Mr. McIntire Honors Biology Water World Best Practices for Writing Exemplary Short Answer Questions 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________________________ For questions 6-7, explain how the emergent properties of water are related to the natural phenomena described. In your response, make explicit reference to the polarity of water and its ability to form hydrogen bonds. 6. Many substances, such as NaCl and sucrose, dissolve quickly in water. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ North Star Academy College Preparatory High School 7. You touch the edge of a paper towel to a drop of colored water, the water will move into (be absorbed by) the towel. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ North Star Academy College Preparatory High School Name: ______________________________ Team_____________________ EDUCATION IS FREEDOM! Date__________/Mr. McIntire Honors Biology Blowing Your MIND with Biochemistry! 1. Carbohydrates are chains of what smaller organic molecule? _____________________________ 2. Most sugars end in what letters? ___________________________________________________ 3. Another name for “simple sugar” is _________________________________________________ 4. Define polysaccharide: ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the molecular formula of glucose? ___________________________________________ 6. Which carbohydrate do plants store for later energy use? _______________________________ 7. Which carbohydrate do animals store for later energy use? ______________________________ 8. Which carbohydrate makes up the cell of plants? ______________________________________ 9. Can we digest this carbohydrate? YES / NO 10. If not, what function does it serve when we eat it?_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. If you need a QUICK shot of energy in the next hour, what should you eat? Why? ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why does an athlete eat a lot of pasta the night before a game? __________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. Proteins are chains of what smaller organic molecule? __________________________________ 14. Amino acids are divided into 2 basic groups. What are they? _____________________________ North Star Academy College Preparatory High School 15. Proteins are very large, complex molecules. They are first built by making a chain of amino acids. What happens to the molecule next, to create the right shape for the protein to function properly? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. How do hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids cause proteins to have a specific shape. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17. What is it called when a protein unfolds? _____________________________________________ 18. Why does unfolding a protein make it not able to do its job in a living organism? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 19. Are lipids chains of smaller molecules like carbohydrates? _______________________________ 20. List 3 ways that living creatures use lipids. ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 21. Cholesterol is considered both a good and a bad molecule to have in your body. Why? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 22. What structure in living organisms is made of a phospholipid? ____________________________ 23. Draw a simple picture of the close-up view of the cell membrane showing the molecules that make it up. North Star Academy College Preparatory High School 24. What are the functions of a nucleic acids in living organisms? ____________________________ 25. What is the building block (monomer) for a nucleic acids? _______________________________ 26. What are the 3 parts of a nucleic acid monomer? ______________________________________ 27. What type of bond is used to bond the nucleic acid monomers together? STRONG / WEAK 28. How is this difference in bonds important to the function of DNA in living organisms? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 29. Draw a simple diagram of a nucleic acid polymer. 30. Explain why this specific structure of DNA is very important to life on Earth. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Complete the following mind map summarizing the major structures and functions of each group of macromolecules. North Star Academy College Preparatory High School
