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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE: Of the People: A History of the United States CHAPTER 15 “A War for Union Emancipation: 1861–
1865”
COMMON THREADS

What made the South secede from the Union?

In what ways did the military strategies of the North and South
reflect the differences between the two regions?

What was the relationship between emancipation and war?

Why did the South lose the Civil War? Why did the North win?

What happened to the slaves who were freed by the war?
OUTLINE
From Union to Emancipation
The South Secedes
Civilians Demand a Total War
Slaves Take Advantage of the War
Military Strategy and the Shift in War Aims
Mobilizing for War
The Confederate States of America
Union Naval Supremacy
Southern Military Advantages
The Slave Economy in Wartime
What Were Soldiers Fighting For?
The Civil War Becomes a Social Revolution
Union Victories in the West
Southern Military Strength in the East
Emancipation as a Military Necessity
America and the World: The Diplomacy of Emancipation
Emancipation in Practice: Contraband Camps and Black Troops
American Landscape: Freedman’s Village, Arlington, Virginia
The War at Home
The Care of Casualties
Northern Reverses and Antiwar Sentiment
Gettysburg and the Justification of the War
Discontent in the Confederacy
The War Comes to a Bloody End
Grant Takes Command
The Theory and Practice of Hard War
Sherman Marches and Lee Surrenders
The Meaning of the Civil War
Conclusion
WHO?
WHAT?
Jefferson Davis
Antietam
U. S. Grant
Appomattox
Robert E. Lee
Arlington
Abraham Lincoln
Blockade
George B. McClellan
Bull Run
Edmund Ruffin
Conscription
William T. Sherman
Contrabands
Cooperationism
Draft riots
Fort Sumter
Gettysburg
Hard war
King Cotton diplomacy
Secession
Vicksburg
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What reasons did southerners give for seceding?
2. What were the relative military advantages of the North and the South at
the beginning of the war?
3. What made emancipation a “military necessity”?
4. How much antiwar sentiment was there in the Union and the
Confederacy?
5. What role did the different economic systems of the North and South
play in the Civil War?
6. Both the North and South suspended civil liberties during the conflict. In
your opinion, did the stakes of the war justify such measures? Explain
your answer.
7. What were the military merits of Sherman’s “hard war” in Georgia and
South Carolina? Did the nature of the conflict warrant such a course of
action?
NOTE-TAKING GUIDE: Of the People: A History of the United States CHAPTER 15 “A War for Union Emancipation: 1861–
1865”
NOTES: TO FOLLOW UP / QUESTIONS TO ASK IN CLASS