Download Chapter 22 Notes

Chapter 22 Notes
Fighting the Civil War
Bull Run “Manassas” July 21, 1861
1. South wins showing that the war will be long and hard on both sides
Anaconda Strategy: Proposed by General Winfield Scott
1. A blockade of Southern ports to cut supplies off from the south
2. Divide the Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi
3. Raise and train an army of 500,000 to capture Richmond (this would be the major
flaw in his plan)
George McClellan
1. Leader of the Union forces
2. Extremely cautious, many believed he refused to fight
3. Failed to capture Virginia even though he had superior numbers during the
Peninsula Campaign.
The Union lost the majority of early battles because of poor leadership and untrained
soldiers. As a result of this Britain and France began to consider openly supporting the
Confederacy because they saw the advantages of having the Union divided, but they
ultimately did not get directly involved.
Antietam: September of 1862
1. Bloodiest day of the Civil War 22,000 killed or wounded
2. Although technically a draw, the battle was viewed as a turning point because it
prevented Britain from openly recognizing the Confederacy.
3. The first major battle that Lincoln could proclaim as a victory would lead to the
announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Monitor v. Merrimac, March 1862
1. First major battle between two iron ships signaling the end of wooden ships
dominance
2. Merrimac was a former Union ship that was renamed the Virginia, and the
Monitor was the Union’s ship
3. Fought to a draw and both eventually sank
Emancipation Proclamation, January 1,1863
1. Freed slaves in states of rebellion not in border states or loyal territories
2. Created a moral cause for the war
3. Ended any chance of negotiating for peace
4. Did not free slaves earlier in order to keep the border states loyal
Blacks in the Military
1. 180,000 served, about 38,000 killed
2. Not allowed in the army before the Emancipation Proclamation
Other Major Battles
Gettysburg July 1-3 1863
1. Furthest north that the south penetrated
2. Would break the back of the Confederacy
3. Followed by the Gettysburg Address
Vicksburg July 4 1863
1. Vicksburg surrendered after a long siege
2. Opened the Mississippi to the Union
3. Confederacy lost all Diplomatic support from Britain and France
4. Grant later named head of the Army replacing Meade
Sherman’s March to the Sea
1. Total war (destroying all things in civilian life that contribute to the war effort)
2. Marched from Atlanta to Savannah destroying everything
3. Will cause much hatred for the North
April 1865 Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House ending the
Civil War.
Lincoln assassinated April 14 185
This would lead to a rough period of reconstruction