Download AP Chem Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry – Ms. Hall
Summer Assignment – 2012
Welcome to AP Chemistry. You have chosen to take a very challenging class. It
is designed to be the equivalent of a first year college general chemistry course. That
said, it is intended for motivated and mature high school students who are genuinely
interested in chemistry.
Since you are expected to have a thorough understanding of Chemistry H when
classes begin in September, a summer assignment is necessary. This assignment will be
factored into your 1st quarter grade. Please hand write and show all work. This way I can
see where you may be having trouble.
It is due by Thurs, 9/6/12 .
Quiz on Summer Assignment – Monday 9/10/12
Enclosed are questions that include topics you studied in Chemistry R/H. The emphasis
is on measurement, atomic structure, names and formulas, and stoichiometry. Use your
notes from Chemistry R/H and the websites indicated throughout the assignment. Make a
notation of those questions you struggled with so we can address these early on. This is
entirely review of first year chemistry. See you in September.
In addition:
 SAVE your notebook and reference Tables from Chemistry R/H.

Other useful websites: http://www.chemreview.net/ and
http://hschemsolutions.com/textbook.html

Purchase an AP Chemistry Review Book. Barrons: AP Chemistry and McGraw
Hill 5 Steps to a 5 - AP Chemistry, are both pretty good.
MEMORIZE:
 Polyatomic ions and charges, similar to your old “table E”, plus enclosed table

Solubility rules similar to your old “table F”, plus enclosed table

Oxidation number rules – enclosed and in your chemistry H notes

The 6 strong acids (100% ionized) Names and formulas:
HCl
HNO3
HBr
H2SO4
HI
HClO4
AP Chemistry – Summer Assignment
Name ____________________________
I. MEASUREMENT: These websites may help if you need it:
http://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic/basic-ratios-proportions/v/converting-within-themetric-system
http://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/exponents-radicals/v/multiplying-and-dividing-withsignificant-figures
http://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/exponents-radicals/v/addition-and-subtraction-withsignificant-figures
1) The following length measurements were taken by students using several different measuring
devices. Find the average of the measurements. Make sure that your answer has the correct
number of significant figures.
10.05 cm, 10.1 cm, 9.741 cm, 10.6 cm, 10.5 cm
2) What is the sum of 2.7 g and 2.47 g expressed in the correct number of significant digits?
3) Perform the following operation: 3.43 cm ÷ 5.2 cm. Make sure that your answer has the correct
number of significant figures.
4) What is the temperature 128 K expressed in degrees Celsius?
5) Express an atomic radius of 1.85 x 102 picometers, in meters and nanometers.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE:
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/v/elements-and-atoms
1) List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in C-13.
2) Consider an element Z that has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following percent
abundances: the isotope with a mass number of 19.0 is 55.0% abundant; the isotope with a mass
number of 21.0 is 45.0% abundant. What is the average atomic mass for element Z?
3) Write the electron configuration for 24Chromium-52.
4) What is the frequency of a UV photon with wavelength 2.94 x 10-7 m? (c = 3.00 X 108 m/s)
(recall the formula relating speed of light (c), frequency and wavelength, λ)
5) What is the energy of a microwave photon that has a frequency of 1.12 X 1014 Hz? (h = 6.63
10-34 J s) Recall the formula relating energy of a photon, frequency and Plancks constant (h)
6) Which group of elements in the periodic table is known as the alkali metals?
7) WRITE the electron configuration of S-2?
8) What orbital is filled when iodine gains an electron to become a negative ion, I-?
9) In which group in the periodic table do the elements have the highest electronegativity values?
How about highest ionization energies?
10) Write the electron configurations for mercury and its +2 ion. Begin with 1s2 for both.
II. Formulas/Naming: memorize those polyatomics!! Helpful websites:
http://www.chemtopics.com/unit02/unit2.htm
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/v/molecular-and-empirical-formulas
1. Write formulas for the following:
2. Name each of the following: *Name as acids.
a. barium sulfate ________________
a. CuSO4 ______________________
b. ammonium chloride ___________
b. PCl3 _______________________
c. chlorine monoxide ____________
c. Li3N ______________________
d. silicon tetrachloride ___________
d. BaSO3 _____________________
e. manganese IV oxide ___________
f. sodium sulfide ________________
e. N2F4 _______________________
f . KClO4 ______________________
g. sodium peroxide _____________
g. NaH _______________________
h. copper(I) oxide ______________
h. (NH4)2 Cr2O7 _________________
i. zinc sulfite _________________
I . HNO2 *_______________________
j. potassium carbonate __________
j. Sr3P2 ________________________
k. hydrobromic acid ____________
k. Mg(OH)2 ____________________
l. perchloric acid _______________
l. Al2S3
m. lead(II) acetate ______________
m. AgBr _______________________
n. nickel II permanganate _________
n. P4O10
________________________
_______________________
o. lithium oxalate _______________
o. HC2H3O2* ____________________
p. potassium cyanide ____________
p. CaI2 ________________________
q. iron (III) hydroxide ___________
q. PbO2 _______________________
r. silicon dioxide _______________
r. Li2O ________________________
s. nitrogen trifluoride ___________
s. FeI3 ________________________
t. chromium(VI) oxide __________
t. Cu3PO4 _____________________
u. calcium chlorate _____________
u. PCl5 _______________________
v. sodium thiocyanate ___________
v. NaCN ______________________
w. nitrous acid _________________
w. H3P * _______________________
III. Chemical Equations
Writing chemical equations is also an essential skill. In Chem H, you used the Reference Tables
help you predict products of reactions. In AP Chem, you have to memorize all of that information
and more! Don’t worry; you’ll learn it a little at a time. But, you should be able to do it with the
Table F and Table J. If you need help, there are several excellent links on this page:
http://www.chemtopics.com/unit02/unit2.htm
For each equation below:
-identify the type (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or
combustion)
- predict the products
- then write the balanced reaction, using chemical formulas. Remember to use the solubility
rules for double replacement reactions (Table F) and the activity series for single replacement
reactions (Table J). Hint: when writing these reactions, ignore all of the information about heat, or
bubbling, or mixing. These are just excess words used to make complete sentences. Simply pull
out the chemical formulas.
For example:
Solutions of silver nitrate and magnesium iodide are combined.
This is a double replacement reaction.
2AgNO3(aq) + MgI2(aq) →2AgI(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
1. Ammonium sulfate reacts with barium nitrate.
2. Zinc metal is added to a solution of copper (II) chloride.
3. Propane gas (C3H8) is burned in excess oxygen.
4. Solid calcium chlorate is heated strongly.
5. Magnesium and nitrogen gas are heated together.
6. Chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium bromide.
7. Sulfuric acid is combined with sodium hydroxide.
9. Isopropyl alcohol (C3H7OH) is burned in oxygen.
10. Sodium metal is added to water.
IV. Stoichiometry – SHOW ALL WORK !!
Another important topic is stoichiometry. For help with stoichiometry or mole conversions,
try one of the many links on this page: http://www.chemtopics.com/unit01/unit1.htm
or http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/v/stoichiometry
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/v/stoichiometry--limiting-reagent
1) Find the mass percent of nitrogen in each compound in a and b.
a) C6H6(NO2)3
b) N2O4
c) Calculate the percentage of water in MgSO4 7H2O
2) Benzene contains only carbon and hydrogen and has a molar mass of 78.1 g/mol.
Analysis shows the compound to be 7.74% H by mass. Find the empirical and
molecular formulas of benzene.
3) Calcium carbonate decomposes upon heating, producing calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide gas.
a. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
b. What mass of calcium oxide will be produced after 12.25 g of calcium
carbonate is completely decomposed? (Recall,“convert the given to moles”, set up your
proportion, solve for unknown moles, convert to units you need)
c. What volume of carbon dioxide gas is produced from this amount of calcium
carbonate, at STP? (hint: emphasis on the word “gas”)
4) Hydrogen gas and bromine gas react to form hydrogen bromide gas.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
b) 3.2 g of hydrogen gas and 9.5 g of bromine gas react. Which is the limiting
reagent? (Remember, convert both to moles first,)
c) How many grams of hydrogen bromide gas can be produced using the amounts
in (b)?
d. How many grams of the excess reactant is left unreacted?
e. What volume of HBr, measured at STP, is produced in (b)?
5) When 2 moles of ammonia gas, 3 moles of oxygen gas and 2 moles of methane
gas (CH4) are combined, the products are 2 moles of hydrogen cyanide gas and 6
moles of water.
The balanced chemical equation is:
a. Calculate the mass of each product produced when 225 g of oxygen gas is reacted with an
excess of the other two reactants.
b. If the actual yield (Yield refers to the amount of product produced)of the experiment in (b) is 105 g of
HCN, calculate the percent yield.
6) When solutions of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate are combined, the products
are potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide.
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/v/stoichiometry-of-a-reaction-insolution
a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, including (aq) and (s).
b. Calculate the mass of precipitate produced when 50.0mL of 0.45M potassium iodide
solution and 75mL of 0.55M lead (II) nitrate solution are mixed. (remember, Molarity =
moles solute/Liters of solution. Therefore, moles solute = M x Liters.) You should be
working in “moles”. (this is a limiting reactant problem)
V. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW:
The organic chemistry we use in AP Chemistry is less than what we did in Chem R/H. The 4
homologous series and functional groups are very important though as they are used in the
context of other topics. Practice these names and formulas.
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/v/organic-chemistry-naming-examples-2
Name:
1. C8H18 _____________________
Write the formula:
1. ethanol _____________________
2. C4H6 ______________________
2. propane ____________________
3. C3H7OH ____________________
3. butanone ____________________
4. C6H12 _______________________
4. 2-butene ____________________
5. CH3CO2H ____________________
5. pentanoic acid __________________