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Water is the world’s must abundant substance on the Earth’s surface o Occurs naturally in all three states o Essential for life o Fresh water – water that contains a low concentration of dissolved salts o The hydrosphere comprises all the water environments on Earth: oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, ice caps, glaciers, and ground water o Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface and store vast amounts of heat o Ocean waters rise and sink depending on temperature and density, and their currents Salinity- the amount of dissolved salts in water o Low near the ocean shore, esp. near the mouths of rivers, and is high in surface water near the equator due to greater evaporation rate Estuaries – Where rivers flow into the ocean Most river, lakes, and ground water are fresh water but still contain dissolved minerals The water vapour in the atmosphere evaporates from the land and oceans When the water condenses into clouds, precipitation forms, and fresh water falls back to Earth ** Complete Water in our World questions** Create T-chart to compare fresh and salt water Salt Water Covers 71% of the Earth’s surface Found in oceans, some salt lakes and marshes More dense than fresh water Greater buoyancy than fresh water Not drinkable (without treatment to remove salt) Fresh Water Covers 2% of Earth’s surface Found in rivers, lakes, and streams Less dense than salt water Less buoyancy than salt water Drinkable (with treatment)