Download Unit 4 Notes #5 Gymnosperm Fill In - Mr. Lesiuk

Name: ___________________
Date: ____________
Unit 4 Notes #5 –Gymnosperms – “Naked Seed Plants”
Kingdom: ___________________
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum : _________________
Classes of Gymnosperms 1. Cycadae
2. Ginkgoae
3. _______________________
A) General Characteristics:
Tracheophyta means “_______________________”, this refers to
the________________________, which appears as hollow tubes.
Gymnosperm means “_____________________”, these plants have seeds but their
seeds are __________________________________________________
Of the three classes of gymnosperms, we will focus on the class that is most
common:
CONIFERAE: ______________________
Examples: ______________________________________________________________
Conifers cover most areas of North America, China, Europe and Australia
-____________________ is the _______________________________of the two stages
in the life cycle. (spore producing plant)
-Gametophyte (very much reduced)_________________________________________,
which is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition.
-The seeds are produced ____________________________________________and
dropped when mature.
- Most Gymnosperms have ______________________________with a very ________
___________ on the needles. This design _____________________________________
from these needles and most conifers do not lose needles in the winter
- _______________________________________________________like those found in
deciduous (shed leaves seasonally) trees. Therefore, the xylem is not as hard.
Conifers are therefore also known as ______________________
B) Anatomy of A Gymnosperm:
1.Vascular Tissues
i) ____________- Forms a narrow band under the bark, it consists of_____________
___________, which transports ____________ (products of photosynthesis) around
the plant for use or storage.
ii) ____________- Woody portion of tree consists of______________________, which
function as straws. These straw-like cells_____________________________________
_______________________________
iii)_______________ - A narrow layer of tissue, which produces xylem and phloem.
2.Conifer Needles:
-Very efficient at conserving water, helps them________________________________
________________________________.
DESIGN:
i) Thick needle with relatively _______________________________________
ii) Thick cuticle (_______________ material)
iii) Stomata (openings for gas exchange) are well ______________________________
___________________________________
PINE NEEDLE CROSS Section
C) Gymnosperm Life Cycle- Pine Tree
1) The tree (sporophyte) produces male cones in the spring. The cones ___________
_____________________ (male gametophyte). Pollen is released into the air.
2) Pollen lands on the immature_________________________, which house the
____________ gametophyte. This is called ________________
3) Each pollen grain __________________________________________________until
the pollen tube makes contact with an egg/ovule.
4) A Nucleus (sperm nucleus) from the pollen grain then travels down the tube and
unites with the egg. This is called _________________
*** IN PINE TREES, 15 months passes between pollination and fertilization.***
5) The ______________ divides many times to become an___________. The embryo
is packaged up with a source of __________ inside a___________________. These
three things make up the ______________
D) Growth and Development:
___________________ tissues play an important role in ________________ and
_____________ Stem Growth.
- Most of tissues in a plant cannot divide but a special type of tissue called
_____________ performs mitosis. This tissue is located in the regions of a plant that
exhibit growth. “The growing parts” include ___________________and ________ as
well as root tips.
Primary Stem Growth : Growing in length
1.______________________________: Is a dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the
______________________________________
Secondary Stem Growth: Growing in diameter
(Involves two other types of meristematic tissue)
2._________________________: Lies between xylem and phloem and ____________
_________________________(xylem to the inside, phloem to the outside), this causes
an increase in the thickness of a stem.
3.____________________: Produces ________________to form the ___________
_____________________________These cork cells are dead at maturity. “The term
bark refers to___________________________________________________________”
E) Economic and Ecological Importance:
1._______________________: A source of food for a_________________________:
birds, insects, rabbits, squirrels, each of which forms an important link in other
food chains.
- The needles of the __________________are rich in _____________________
- Many animals rely on the structure of trees for___________________.
2.________________________: Photosynthesis helps regulate the level of gases in the
atmosphere. Forests are often referred to as being the _______________________
3._________: -White spruce is the main source of the pulpwood used to make paper.
4.__________: -Advantage is that wood is a ___________________________whereas
fossil fuels are not.
5._________________________: -The ________________________of the Pacific
Northwest is probably the most important ___________________in the world. Wood
has unique properties ( ___________________________) _______________________
___________________________________
Problems with Over-Forestry:
i)____________________________, which results in both a loss of topsoil as well as
increased flooding.
ii) Habitat changes faster than many species can adapt, species often see decreases to
their populations and some must ___________________________________________
- Without controlling pollution and forestry, our forests, once a renewable resource,
may no longer exist.
Old Growth Forest
Clear Cut Logging