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Rocks and Minerals 1. A substance that is made up of one or more elements, and has been chemically joined is ___________. 2. A ________________ mineral contains silicon, oxygen, and a metal. 3. _______________ is the way a mineral reflects light. 4. ________________ is the powered color left behind. 5. When a mineral breaks in a smooth, flat surfaces it is__________. 6. When a mineral resist scratching this is called ____________. 7. Ratio of mass to volume is ______________. 8. ____________ is where the soil settles after it is eroded. 9. _____________ ________ forms when sediment is deposited in layers. 10. __________ _________ forms when pressure of heat is applied to rock and change its structure. 11. ___________ __________ forms when magma cools and solidifies. 12. ___________ of a mineral occurs when it breaks in a curved manner. 13. _____________ __________ are minerals that don’t contain silicon or oxygen. 14. ___________ are formed by a solid that’s atoms produce a repeating pattern. 15. A substance that can’t be broken down is an ________________. 16. A ______________ forms naturally, is inorganic, and has a crystalline structure. 17. Which of the following is the main way metamorphic rocks form. Circle the best choice weathering and erosion. deposition and compaction. melting and cooling. heat and pressure. Mineral Hardness Shape Crystal System Color Luster Galena [PbS] 2 cube, octahedron isometric silver gray metallic Gold [Au] 2.5 nuggets, grains isometric Lazurite [Na8Al6Si6O24S] 5 dodecahedral isometric Pyrite [FeS2] 6 cube, octahedron golden greenish isometric metallic and yellow black pyritohedron Streak Cleavage Fracture Specific Gravity greyblack Yes-cubes No 7.5 golden metallic yellow golden yellow No Yesjagged 19.3 brilliant nonblue metallic bright blue No Yesuneven 2.3 No Yesconchoidal 5.1 19. When looking for gold in California which of the following characteristics below would be the best way to distinguish gold from pyrite? A. Luster B. Cleavage C. Streak D. Color 19. Using the illustration to the left.The process of sediments being compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks is called A. metamorphism B. crystiallization C. deposition D. weathering 20. Using the illustration to the left. When metamorphic rock is heated and then cooled what type of rock does it form? 21. Which type of rock is created when lava cools and hardens? 22. The process of the recycling of materials in Earth's crust is called? 23 -27. Mineral Hardness Shape Crystal System Color Luster Streak Cleavage Fracture Density Graphite [C] 1 lamellar veins to earthy masses hexagonal steel gray metallic black Yes Yes-flaky 2.2 Talc [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2] 1 flattened or white to nonmonoclinic tabular green metallic white Yes-basal Yesuneven 2.7-2.8 Gypsum [CaSO4· 2H2O] 2 tabular, bladed or blocky white Yes Yesuneven 2.3 Gold [Au] 2.5 nuggets, grains Pyrite [FeS2] 6 Diamond [C] 10 white to nonmonoclinic colorless metallic to gray isometric golden yellow metallic golden yellow No Yesjagged 19.3 cube, octahedron isometric and pyritohedron golden yellow metallic greenish black No Yesconchoidal 5.1 YesYesoctahedron conchoidal 3.5 cube and octahedron colorless to pale yellows, nonisometric browns metallic and grays white 23. Of the minerals above, which two can be white in color? 24. Of the minerals above, which two have a black streak? 25. Of the minerals above, which mineral has the greatest density? 26. Of the minerals above, if you found that the mineral’s streak was greenish black, and it’s color was golden yellow what mineral did you use? 27. Of the minerals above, if you found its hardness to be a 1, but its streak to be white what mineral did you find? 28. List the 10 minerals in order that make up Mohs scale. 29. Write the U from our KUDS for this earth unit.