Download Unit 4 Sectionalism

Unit 4 Sectionalism
I.
Jacksonian Democracy: Andrew Jackson the President for the common man
A.
Expansion of suffrage: States repealed voting restrictions of property ownership, allowing all
citizens (white and male) to vote
B.
Spoils System: giving people government jobs based on party loyalty. Jackson removed and
replaced 10% of the federal job holders.
II.
Nullification Crisis: South States were upset about the “Tariff of Abominations”
A.
Tariff of Abominations: a tax on imported goods. Southern States felt it only benefited the North
and hurt the South.
B.
South Carolina threatened to secede (leave the Union) if the tariff was not repealed.
C.
Vice President John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, argued for nullification: the states have the
right to declare a federal law null (not valid)
D.
President Jackson considered the nullification ordinance by South Carolina an act of treason and
sent a warship to Charleston
E.
Congress passed a Force Bill, authorizing the President to use the military to enforce acts of
Congress
F.
III.
Congress voted to lower the tariff over time and South Carolina repealed the nullification of the law.
Jackson vs. the National Bank
A.
President Jackson believed the bank to be unconstitutional and felt it only supported the rich
B.
Congress attempted to extend the Banks Charter during the election of 1832
C.
Jackson vetoed the bill and was reelected. He felt the people supported his belief in the bank so he
removed all the federal money
IV.
Indian Removal Act: provided money to move the Native Americans westward to the Great Plains
A.
Suckle
The Cherokee of Georgia refused and sued Georgia in Worcester V Georgia
1.
The Cherokee had adopted many aspects of the white culture
2.
They believed the land was theirs according the federal treaties
3.
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee and the federal treaties
4.
Jackson ignored the ruling, “Marshall has made his opinion, now let him enforce it.”
5.
Trail of Tears: 4,000 Cherokee died on the forced walk to Oklahoma during winter.
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Unit 4 Sectionalism
V.
Manifest Destiny: God has given the entire continent to Americans and wanted them to settle
westward lands.
a. Reasons: land, resources, gold, furs, religious freedom/ missionaries
b. Methods: Purchase land, Annexation (take), Ceded (given in a treaty)
c. Mexican War: settlers overwhelm Mexican owned Texas, President Polk declares war based on American
deaths, Texas is annexed from Mexico, Mexico Cedes more land in the Southwest including California.
d. California Gold Rush: 1849-1854, helps settle California but results in little wealth for most prospectors.
VI.
Sectionalism: division of regions in the U.S. based on economic needs and the expansion of slavery
A.
Major Issues in 1860: Expansion of slavery westward, States rights to Nullify a law, Protective
Tariff/ Tariff of Abominations.
B.
Slavery Compromises: attempt to settle the issue of expanding slavery westward and keep a
balance of power in the Senate
1.
Missouri Compromise: Missouri enters the Union as a slave state, Maine enters as a free
state, Missouri Compromise line (36° 30 N line)
2.
Compromise of 1850: California enters as a free state, oregan and New Mexico Territories
are based on popular sovereignty (vote) to decide slavery issue
a. Fugitive Slave act: Northerners must return runaway slaves or be fined and/or imprisoned
3.
Kansas Nebraska Act: Both territories will vote to decide slavery in their land.
a. Bleeding Kansas: pro and anti slavery settlers settled and fought in Kansas before the vote
4.
Dred Scott V Sanford: Legalized slavery in all the territories
a. Scott is not a citizen and can not sue
b. Compromises are null and void
c. Slaves are property and can not be taken with out due process of the law
VII.
Abolitionists:
a. Fredrick Douglas: Abolitionist newspaper, North Star, Autobiography of the life of a slave
b. Harriet Tubman: Underground Railroad
c. John Brown : attempted slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry Federal Arsenal
d. Nat Turner: 55 whites died in slave revolt.
e. William Lloyd Garrison: Abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator
Suckle
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Unit 4 Sectionalism
VIII.
IX.
Election of 1860:
A.
Lincoln wins without any Southern States, South believes him to be an abolitionist.
B.
Southern States secede from the union beginning with South Carolina
C.
Lincoln’s first Inaugural Address: “Preserve, Protect, and Defend the Union.”
Civil War: 1861-1865
A.
North Larger population, Capital and Industry
B.
South War Generals and home field advantage
C.
Emancipation Proclamation: free all the slaves in the Confederate States, hurts the Southern
Economy, turns the focus of the war
D.
Gettysburg Address: recommitment to the war effort, those who died and Democracy
E.
Appomattox Courthouse: Grant and Lee sign surrender papers ending the war, Confederates are
given a “soft peace”
F.
Suckle
Lincoln Assassinated by Southern Actor John Wilkes Booth
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