Download MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
1) ________ refers to the term for any system that encodes, stores, and
retrieves information. 1)
_______
A) Learning
B) Sensation
C) Processing
D) Perception
E) Memory
2)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The key tasks of a memory system is to 2)
encode, store, and retrieve.
perceive, chunk, and recall.
process, rearrange, and simplify.
be exposed to, combine, and consider.
sense, understand, and rehearse.
_______
3) A Cognitive understanding of memory, emphasizing how information is
changed when it is encoded, stored and retrieved is known as 3)
_______
A) the elaboration method.
B) chunking.
C) the forgetting curve.
D) the information-processing model.
E) eidectic imagery.
4) New information is related to older memory information during the
memory process of 4)
_______
A) retrieval.
B) storage.
C) encoding.
D) rehearsing.
E) elaboration.
5) Our ability to retain encoded material over time is known as 5)
_______
A) storage.
B) declarative memory.
C) recognition.
D) chunking.
E) recall.
6) If George was trying to remember information for his Biology exam and
he has encoded the information correctly but cannot remember it after two
days, there may be a problem with ________. 6)
_______
A) storage.
B) rehearsal.
C) sensory memory.
D) retrieval.
E) elaboration.
7)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Another term for eidectic imagery is 7)
implicit memory.
recognition.
episodic memory.
engram.
photographic memory.
_______
8)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The three memory stages, in order of processing, are 8)
working; long term; short term.
sensory; working; short term.
sensory; cognitive; short term.
sensory; working; long term.
recall; recognition; rehearsal.
_______
9) When you hear a phone number and are able to recall it for a brief
period, the phone number is thought to reside within ________ memory. 9)
_______
A) long-term
B) sensory
C) gustatory
D) working
E) procedural
10) How long does sensory memory generally last? 10)
A) no limit to how long sensory memory will last
B) 10 seconds
C) fraction of a second
D) 1 second
E) 1 minute
______
11) Sperling's study involving recall of an array of 12 letters
suggested that the actual capacity of sensory memory is 11)
______
A) nine or more items.
B) two or three items.
C) seven (plus or minus two) items.
D) limitless.
E) about seven chunks.
12) The sensory register for vision is called ________ memory, whereas
the sensory register for hearing is called ________ memory. 12)
______
A) iconic; echoic
B) olfactory; auditory
C) declarative; procedural
D) explicit; implicit
E) implicit; explicit
13) When Suzy scans the store window she decides that there is nothing
that she is interested in. She is using her ________ memory and when she
is not interested in any of the objects, the information is ________. 13)
______
A) iconic; held for one minute
B) tactile; hed for one minute
C) iconic; immediately disregarded
D) echoic; immediately disregarded
E) echoic; held for one minute
14) The capacity of working memory is about ________ items and this
theory was developed by 14)
______
A) eleven; Miller.
B) three; Schacter.
C) thirty; Craik.
D) twenty; Aronson.
E) seven, Miller.
15) Jamal needs to remember his social security number but there are too
many numbers for him to hold it in his working memory. What technique
would best help Jamal to remember his social security number. 15)
______
A) employ sensory memory
B) iconic memory
C) chunking
D) method of Loci
E) mnemonic device
16) Bonnie is trying to remember what grocery items she needs from the
stores. She repeats the words, "Eggs, cookies, bread, tortillas, and
pretzels" over and over again in her mind. Bonnie is utilizing which
memory technique? 16)
______
A) chunking
B) transduction
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) retroactive interference
E) maintenance rehearsal
17) Many individuals can remember an entire sentence that is read to
them even though it exceeds the amount of information we can generally
hold in short-term memory. They do this by 17)
______
A) employing the method of Loci.
B) using sensory memory.
C) using the phonological loop.
D) using their sketch pad.
E) using long-term memory.
18) The best strategy by which to transfer information from working
memory to long-term memory is to engage in 18)
______
A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) eidectic imagery.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) repression.
E) maintenance rehearsal.
19) The ________ theory claims that establishing more connections with
long-term memories makes information more meaningful and memorable and
thus easier to recall. 19)
______
A) distributed learning
B) spatial analyses
C) engram
D) levels-of-processing
E) mood-congruent
20) Working memory involves activity in circuits located with the
________ of the brain. 20)
______
A) parietal lobe
B) prefrontal cortex
C) corpus callosum
D) occipital lobe
E) cerebellum
21) Knowing how to board a train is considered a ________ memory, while
knowing that Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of t he United
States is a ________ memory. 21)
______
A) semantic; episodic memory
B) encoding; rehearsal
C) immediate; eventual memory
D) recognition; recall
E) procedural; declarative memory
22) A guitarist uses ________ to recall how to play the notes of a
specific song. 22)
______
A) procedural memory
B) semantic memory
C) episodic memory
D) mnemonics
E) a flashbulb memory
23) Your memory of how much fun you had last Spring break is an example
of 23)
______
A) chunking.
B) sensory memory.
C) procedural memory.
D) semantic memory.
E) episodic memory.
24) Remembering the explanation that your psychology professor gave when
she described neural networks is likely held in your 24)
______
A) procedural memory.
B) priming.
C) semantic memory.
D) distributed learning.
E) implicit memory.
25) Patient H.M. is unable to form ________ memories as a result of the
removal of his ________.on both sides of his brain in order to stop
epileptic seizures. 25)
______
A) implicit; cerebellum
B) semantic; medulla
C) episodic; hippocampus and amygdala
D) procedural; thalamus
E) declarative; frontal cortex
26) many Alzheimer's patients have a memory the initially gives up newer
thoughts and memories. They may mistake their grandson for their own
son. In many ways this resembles 26)
______
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) short-term memory.
D) long-term memories.
E) semantic memories.
27) Highly emotional memories such as those which many prisoner's of war
have experienced may cause post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent
research has found which brain structure to play a significant role in
these emotional memories? 27)
______
A) hypothalamus
B) reticular activating system
C) pons
D) pituitary
E) amygdala
28) Your ability to remember where you were the morning of September 11,
2001 is an example of a(n) 28)
______
A) semantic memory.
B) procedural memory.
C) sensory memory.
D) implicit memory.
E) flashbulb memory.
29) Your parents remember details regarding when John F. Kennedy was
shot, and you remember details about a mugging you saw last month. Your
parents memory is more likely to be ________ and your is likely to be
________. 29)
______
A) accurate; distorted
B) distorted; distorted
C) accurate; accurate
D) distorted; accurate
E) totally wrong; distorted
30) We are always aware of ________ memory whereas ________ memory may
be incidentally learned. 30)
______
A) semantic; procedural
B) episodic; semantic
C) explicit; implicit
D) implicit; explicit
E) semantic; episodic
31) ________ memory could explain how you know a certain person's name
even if you cannot explain how you know it. 31)
______
A) Semantic
B) Explicit
C) Implicit
D) Procedural
E) Episodic
32) If you look at the particular area on the chalkboard where a certain
concept was written to help you remember the term, you are using 32)
______
A) eidectic memory.
B) a mnemonic device.
C) a retrieval cue.
D) implicit memory.
E) chunking.
33) Ted asks Krystal to say the words 'hop,' 'pop,' and 'mop.' Then, Ted
asks Krystal, "What do you do at a green light?" Krystal quickly replies,
"Stop," (instead of the right answer: "Go") because of 33)
______
A) priming.
B) TOT phenomenon.
C) encoding specificity.
D) misattribution.
E) recognition.
34) if your psychology instructor asks you to provide a definition of
assimilation, she is asking you to answer a ________ question. 34)
______
A) recall
B) recognition
C) procedural memory
D) memory trace
E) implicit memory
35) If you learn material for your political science course in a
classroom, as then are asked to take an exam for that course if a large
lecture hall on the other side of campus, your scores may not be as high
as you would like. What may explain this phenomena? 35)
______
A) mood-congruent learning
B) recognition
C) encoding specificity
D) mnemonic devices
E) recall
36) The TOT phenomenon occurs when 36)
______
A) a flood of memories enter consciousness.
B) memories interfere with one another.
C) the order of presentation impacts recall.
D) a person strongly believes that incorrect memories are accurate.
E) you know a word but cannot name it.
37) Brian cannot remember the name of the flower he just planted even
though he knows he is familiar with it's name, his lack of remembering
demonstrates the ________. 37)
______
A) recognition
B) chunking
C) tip of the tongue phenomena
D) method of loci
E) mnemonic devices
38) Which of the following is NOT one of Daniel Schacter's "seven sins"
of memory? 38)
______
A) transience
B) absent-mindedness
C) encoding failure
D) suggestibility
E) bias
39) If you are unable to remember the name of your second grade teacher
because you haven't thought of her in awhile, you are demonstrating 39)
______
A) transience.
B) encoding specificity.
C) the serial position effect.
D) absent-mindedness.
E) misattribution.
40) Ebbinghaus found that when he returned to a list of words that he
had previously memorized week before, it took him ________. 40)
______
A) the same amount of time to remember the list again
B) less time to remember the list again.
C) longer to remember the list again
D) longer to remember the first half of the list
E) longer to remember insignificant words on the list
41) Blocking refers to the situation in which competing memories produce
________ leading to forgetting. 41)
______
A) misattribution
B) transference
C) transduction
D) an engram
E) interference
42) If your mom reminds you to pick up your little brother from soccer
practice, and then you friend calls causing to you forget to pick up your
brother, you would be said to be experiencing 42)
______
A) misattribution.
B) blocking.
C) absent-mindedness.
D) transience.
E) bias.
43) In pro active interference, old memories act to 43)
______
A) add additional information to permanent external memory.
B) block our ability to learn new information.
C) cause us to forget other old memories.
D) distort our sensory memory.
E) reverse the order of items in LTM.
44) ________ occurs when newly learned information prevents the
retrieval of previously stored, similar information. 44)
______
A) Suppression
B) Retroactive interference
C) Implicit amnesia
D) Proactive interference
E) Explicit amnesia
45) If you are trying to remember the names of all the U.S. presidents,
the serial position effect would predict that you will have difficulty
45)
______
A) recognizing the names of the presidents on a list.
B) recalling the most recent presidents.
C) recalling the earliest presidents.
D) recalling the presidents in the middle of the list.
E) remembering more than about seven (plus or minus two) of them.
46) Simon read the words 'bed,' 'night,' 'snore,' 'dream,' 'comfort,'
and 'pillow' to Jennifer. As a result of misattribution, we could expect
Jennifer to 46)
______
A) remember the word sleep.
B) only remember three or four of the words.
C) confuse the order of the words.
D) remember the first and last words, but not the middle words.
E) experience some sleepiness.
47) Suggestibility can cause us to 47)
______
A) block painful or upsetting memories.
B) lose old memories in our LTM.
C) rehearse important material repeatedly.
D) distort memories and create false ones.
E) be unable to forget painful memories.
48) If you witness a mugging and the police ask, :"did you see the scar
on the assailants face?" Eve if there was no scar, you might reply that
you did indeed see the scar. What fault of memory best explains this
honest mistake? 48)
______
A) bias
B) misinformation effect
C) interference
D) persistence
E) transience
49) Because ________ memories of events before the age of three are
extremely rare, early memories of abuse are likely to be ________. 49)
______
A) semantic; biased
B) explicit; repressed
C) episodic; misattribution
D) procedural; distorted
E) declarative; forgotten
50) ________ refers to a situation in which personal beliefs, attitudes
and experiences impact memory 50)
______
A) Misattribution
B) Interference
C) Transference
D) Suggestibility
E) Bias
51) Because of self-consistency bias, 51)
______
A) Don may have trouble remembering how he initially felt about Vicki.
B) Shawna believes that she always felt passionately about Matthew.
C) Tom believes that he loves Coral more than Mike does.
D) Pete's feelings about Anne may be stronger than they once were.
E) Sam may not love Florence any more.
52) Mnemonics are methods for 52)
______
A) reducing the bias we sometimes experience when storing memories.
B) enhancing our ability to detect sensory information.
C) encoding information by associating it with information already in
LTM.
D) retrieving information that has already been stored in LTM.
E) repressing memories that are too painful to remember.
53) You are an actor worried about remembering your lines. In order to
help you a friend suggests that you remember each portion of the script
by linking it to different places in your home. What memory technique
has your friend suggested? 53)
______
A) method of loci
B) maintenance elaboration
C) persistence
D) rote memorization
E) None of the above
54) To remember the five Great Lakes, you might remember the word HOMES,
because each of the five letters in HOMES is the first letter of one of
the Great Lakes. This strategy is known as 54)
______
A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
C) a recognition task.
D) a natural language mediator.
E) the method of loci.
55) The idea proposed by Noam Chomsky that suggests that all individuals
are born with an innate ability to learn language. 55)
______
A) morpheme
B) linguistic relativity theory
C) grammar
D) overregularization
E) language acquisition device
56) Which of the following brain areas is primarily concerned with
speech production? 56)
______
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) Wernicke's area
D) Broca's area
E) parietal lobe
57) Which of the following provides evidence to support the idea of a
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)? 57)
______
A) People around the world inherently know the same language.
B) We learn much of the language we know from our peers and our parents.
C) All languages share all of the same sounds.
D) Children worldwide proceed through the steps of language in much the
same way.
E) Parents who talk to their children while in the womb have children who
talk much earlier.
58) As language develops, people 58)
______
A) move from the babbling to the one-word stage.
B) begin to learn rules of grammar.
C) All l of the above are trues about the development of language.
D) lose the ability to makes sounds that are heard in other languages.
E) begin to combine morphemes into meaningful units.
59) A language's set of rules about combining and ordering words. 59)
______
A) overregularization
B) syntax
C) morphemes
D) grammar
E) accommodation
60) If Ellie who is 21/2 years old says, "Cookie me now", she is
demonstrating 60)
______
A) babbling.
B) one-word speech.
C) overregularization.
D) telegraphic speech.
E) two-word speech.
61) Sally said, "I goed to the store", she is demonstrating an example
of 61)
______
A) morphemes.
B) overregularization.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) two-word speech.
E) phonemes.
62) The odd feeling of recognition you get when visit a new place is
known as 62)
______
A) an algorithm.
B) a prototype.
C) deja vu.
D) a concept hierarchy.
E) a mental set.
63) The most representative example of a category is called a(n) 63)
______
A) algorithm.
B) mental set.
C) schema.
D) prototype.
E) availability heuristic.
64) What is the prototypical example of a vehicle? 64)
A) boat B) car C) bus D) train E) bike
______
65) Which of the following is true of prototypes? 65)
______
A) They are never used when the critical features approach applies.
B) They are slowly accessed and recalled.
C) They are often based on dictionary definitions.
D) The more often they are perceived, the weaker their overall memory
strength.
E) They are formed on the basis of commonly experienced features.
66) Your friend Edward is lost and needs your help finding the mall, you
find out where he is and then guide him verbally to his destination.
Your ability to give Edward good directions to the mall is based on a 66)
______
A) hierarchy.
B) hindsight bias.
C) cognitive map.
D) mental set.
E) prototype.
67) ________ was the first to hypothesize that people form cognitive
maps of their environment to help guide their actions toward certain
goals. 67)
______
A) Edward Tolman
B) George Sperling
C) John Von Neumann
D) Noam Chomsky
E) Bob Greene
68) ________ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual
frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations. 68)
______
A) Schemas
B) Algorithms
C) Hierarchies
D) Prototypes
E) Cognitive maps
69) You go to a new fancy restaurant, and you are nervous because you
are on a first date. However, since you have been to other nice
restaurants before, you know that you will first be seated, then someone
will take your drink order,s then you will have an appetizer, followed by
dinner. If all goes well of the date, you may even stay for dessert!
What is this an example of? 69)
______
A) episodic memory
B) script
C) heuristic
D) algorithm
E) mental set
70) A "good thinker" possesses which of the following attributes? 70)
______
A) They are capable of careful reasoning.
B) They avoid jumping to rash conclusions.
C) They make use of effective thinking strategies.
D) They avoid misleading thinking strategies.
E) All of the above are correct
71) Brad is home when all of his lights suddenly go out. His thought
that "this is what happens when a fuse is blown" would be said to 71)
______
A) demonstrating functional fixedness.
B) evaluating a solution.
C) identifying the problem.
D) utilizing a heuristic.
E) using an algorithm.
72) A(n) ________ is a step-by-step solution to a problem that is likely
to be successful. 72)
______
A) schema
B) categorization process
C) algorithm
D) rule of thumb
E) mental operant
73) One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that these 73)
______
A) change over time as we become wiser.
B) are intuitive and obvious.
C) are flexible, because they are not too precise.
D) can solve almost any problem.
E) will always work if used properly.
74) A heuristic is BEST described as a 74)
______
A) categorization process from general to specific.
B) step-by-step procedure.
C) rule of thumb.
D) time-consuming process that guarantees success.
E) schema.
75) Jenny is locked out of her car, it is cold and she is upset. Jenny
forgets that she has a purse filled with objects that might be of use in
getting her into the car (bobby pins, eyeglass screwdriver, etc.). Jenny
is demonstrating 75)
______
A) an algorithm.
B) the availability heuristic.
C) representative heuristic.
D) the anchoring bias.
E) functional fixedness.
76) Sheila is collecting information for a survey. She believes that
individual on public aid have a tendency to take advantage of the money
they receive from the government. As sheila collects her data, she
dismisses the information regarding hard working individuals on public
aid and focuses on the information that suggests that people are taking
advantage. sheila is demonstrating the ________. 76)
______
A) hindsight bias
B) confirmation bias
C) anchoring bias
D) type four error
E) double-blind research
77) Meghan is a cheerleader at your high school, she is always happy and
outgoing and you assume that the rest of the cheerleaders act much the
same way, this potentially false belief is an example of ________. 77)
______
A) backward thinking
B) the hindsight bias
C) the representative bias
D) an algorithm
E) the confirmation bias
78) Many psychologists view creativity as a form of
A) artificial concepts.
B) intuition.
C) intelligence.
D) convergent thinking.
E) divergent thinking.
78)
______
79) A person who is a fine guitar player would be said to have a(n)
________ for it. 79)
______
A) aptitude
B) prototype
C) schema
D) algorithm
E) divergence
80) Individuals who have amazingly developed skill despite their mental
handicap are referred to as 80)
______
A) mentally challenged.
B) thriving in emotional intelligence.
C) savants.
D) geniuses.
E) None of the above