Download BIOLOGY Ch 15-17 TEST STUDY GUIDE

9th Grader’s FALL Six Weeks Exam 2011
Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
1.
What observations did Darwin make on the Galapagos Island?
Pg. 370-371
After observing many species and their geographical location what concept did
Darwin formulate? Pg 369
3. What does the survival of the fittest mean? Pg. 380
4. What does fitness mean? Pg. 380
5. What is a gene pool? Pg. 1094
6. What are the three types of isolation? Describe each of them. Pg 404-405
7. Name an example animal that might be affected by a geographic barrier such as a
lake or river and another example animal that would not be affected by it. Pg 404-405
8. Define speciation. Pg. 404 Did Darwin’s Finches display speciation? pg 408
9. Define genetic equilibrium. Pg. 401
10. Genetic drift greatly affects populations of what size? Pg. 400
11. Gene shuffling includes independent movement of chromosomes. However, what
happens in crossing over? Pg 395
12. Which selection takes place when individuals at one end of the curve have highest
fitness? pg. 398-399
13. Which selection takes place when individuals with the average trait or in the middle
have higher fitness? Pg. 399
14. A genetic variation needs to be __(heritable or non heritable)___________ in order for it
to contribute to the overall chance of survival. Pg. 379
15. Does natural selection act on individuals or on populations? Explain pg. 394
16. What is recombination? How does it contribute to diversity? Pg. 395
17. What is relative frequency and how do you calculate it? Pg. 394
2.
Chapter 18 Classification
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What is binomial nomenclature? Pg. 448
If I had an organism that has a scientific name of Ailuropoda melanoleuca, where did the first
part and second part of the name come from? Pg. 448
What is the hierarchy of classification in order from smallest to largest? Pg. 450
What are the three domains? Which kingdom(s) fall under each of the 3 domains? Pg. 459
What two kingdoms used to be in one kingdom called Monera? Pg. 458
What kingdoms include eukaryotic organisms? What domain are they all found in? Pg. 459
What kingdom has cell walls made of chitin? Pg. 459
Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus share the same genus or species? Explain. Pg. 448, 450
Evidence for Evolution
1. Whales contain small, non functional remnants of a pelvic bone. This is an
example what? Pg. 385
2. What is convergent evolution? Pg. 436
3. In what type of rock do you typically find fossils? Pg. 418
4. What are index fossils and what are they used for? Pg. 419
5. What is a homologous structure and give an example. Pg. 384
6. What does evolution mean? glossary
7. What is an example of an analogous structure?glossary
8. Which would be the best way to determine if two species are closely related?
A)looking at the number of genes two species have
or
B)looking at their sequence of amino acids of their genes
9. What is extinction? Pg. 417
10.
All living organisms have DNA. Does this support common ancestry?
Why or why not?
11.
If I was investigating a murder, and I found DNA that had very similar
amino acid sequences with that of suspect A. Is that enough evidence to
warrant an arrest? Explain.
12.
The above picture is a Cladogram. What is a Cladogram? Pg.453
Using the Cladogram above please answer the following questions
13.
Which organism is the oldest common ancestor?
14.
Which organism would be expected to have the most amino acid
differences with the leopard?
15.
The tuna is most closely related to which of the following?
a. Leopard
c. lancelet
b. Salamander
d. turtle
16.
The embryos of several types of animals look very similar and develop
in almost the same manner, especially in the early stages. What do these
physical similarities indicate?
Use the cladogram above to answer questions 1717.
18.
Which species is in the outgroup?
Which species is more closely related to amphibians (frog)
a. Ray-finned fish
b. Primates
c. Sharks
d. Crocodiles
19.
Which species is least closely related to rabbits?
a. Crocodiles
b. Birds
c. Ray finned fish
d. sharks