Download DNA Discovery, Structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation

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DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation and Mutation Unit Review
1. Identify the contribution of each of the following scientists to the discovery of DNA.
A. Griffith
D. Chargaff
B. Avery
E. Franklin
C. . Hershey & Chase
F. Watson and Crick
2. Draw a nucleotide of DNA and identify the three parts
3. Identify the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA
a.
b.
c.
4. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________; ________________pairs with ______________
Match the letter with the corresponding phrase:
5. Identify a nucleotide of DNA.
6. Identify the labeled deoxyribose sugar.
7. Identify all of the labeled nitrogen bases.
8. Identify a labeled phosphate group.
9. Identify all of the labeled purines.
10. Identify the labeled hydrogen bonds.
d.
11. For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell, what is produced and why the process is
necessary
Replication:
Transcription:
Translation:
12. The process of replication is described as semi-conservative. What does this mean?
13. Describe the role of complementary base pairing in DNA Replication
14.Explain the replication of DNA. Include the role of DNA polymerase, replication bubbles, and the
replication fork.
15. List three differences between DNA and RNA
a.
b.
c.
16. Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and
what they do.
a.
b.
c.
17. What is produced by transcription? Why is it necessary?
18. What is the relationship between codons and amino acids?
19. Explain the transcription of DNA. Include the role of DNA, the promoter, RNA polymerase, terminator,
mRNA
20. Explain what introns and exons are.
Use the diagrams below to answer questions 21-30 in relation to protein synthesis.
21. What process is represented by letters A-B?
22. What process is represented by letters C-G?
23. What is labeled at A?
24. What is labeled at B?
25. What is labeled at C?
26. What is labeled at D?
27. What is labeled at E?
28. What is labeled at F?
29. What is labeled at G?
30. Why is Methionine the first animo acid?
31. Explain what happens in translation. Include the role of mRNA, the ribosome, tRNA, amino acids, the
start codon, mRNA codons, tRNA anti-codons
32. Define triplet, codon and anti-codon
triplet:
codon:
anti-codon:
33. Using the following DNA sequence. Determine the mRNA, tRNA and animo acid sequence.
DNA:
TACGCCAGCCCGAGCTATAAAATT
mRNA:
tRNA:
amino acids:
34. Identify the following mutations. Which are gene mutations and which are chromosome mutations.
35. Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Point mutation and frameshift
mutations : insertion and deletion
TACGCCAGCCCGAGCTATAAAATT
Mutation 1: TACGCAGCCCGAGCTATAAAATT
Mutation 2: TACGCCAGCCCGAACTATAAAATT
Mutation 3: TACGCCATGCCCGAGCTATAAAATT
36. Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?