Download Plant Study Guide

Plant Study Guide
1. Four main parts of the plant
a. Roots
b. Stems
c. Leaves
d. Flowers
2. Roots-the underground foundation of a plant; they anchor the plant and absorb
water and minerals, which travel to all other parts of the plant; some roots store
food.
3. two main types of roots
a. taproots-main root that stores food; ex. Carrot and dandelion
b. fibrous roots-a system of branching roots; ex. Grass
4. stem- the part of the plant that connects its roots and leaves; it is the plant’s main
support above the ground; it hold up the leaves and flowers
5. leaf-a plant part that grows out of the stem; is the food-making factory of a plant
6. Broadleaf trees such as maple and oak have broad, flat leaves. They are shaped
this way so that the greatest amount of leaf can be exposed to the sun. Deciduous
trees lose their leaves each fall to reduce water loss through the stomata.
7. Needle leaf trees such as pine, spruce and fir have leaves shaped to reduce water
loss. Cactus spines and conifer needles have waxy coatings that seal in moisture.
8. Photosynthesis- the process by which plants make their own food. The leaves
trap energy from the sun. Carbon dioxide comes through tiny holes on the surface
of the leaf. Water moves up the root, through the stem, and into the leaves.
Water carbon dioxides are changed into food, and oxygen is released into the air.
The leaf then makes a sugary substance called glucose, which is carried to all part
of the plant through the stem.
9. simple leaves-single, undivided
10. Compound leaves-two or more leaflets
11. flower- the reproductive part of the flowering plant
12. Pollination-the process in which pollen grains are distributed from one plant to
another.
13. How plants are pollinateda. bees b. butterflies c. wind
d. birds and bats
e. humans
14. Part of plants we eat: corn, wheat, and rice are all seeds; lettuce, spinach, and
cabbage are leaves; carrots, beets, and radishes roots; celery and asparagus are
stems; beans and peas are seeds; cinnamon comes from the bark of the laurel tree
15. uses of plants: food, medicine, produce oxygen, provide shade, help prevent
erosion
16. starch- extra glucose stored by plants
17. Roots grow downward, toward the center of the Earth. Leaves and stem grow
toward a light source. Roots tend to grow toward moisture, when in dry soil they
grow very slowly or not at all.
18. Life cycle of a plant-Seeds germinate and grow. Leaves and flowers grow on
plants. Flowers are pollinated and produce seeds. The seeds are scattered,
germinate and new plants begin to grow.
19. germination- the early growth of a plant; sprouting
20. THINGS SEEDS NEED TO GERMINATE
A. warm temperature
B. moisture
21. fruit- the fruit protects the seeds as they grow
22. The two main groups of plants are seed plants and nonseed plants.
23. Nonseed plants reproduce with spores. Ex. Mosses and ferns
24. The two main groups of seed plants are flowering plants and conifers.
25. Conifers are cone-bearing plants; produce seeds in cones.
26. The two types of flowering plants are MONOCOTS and DICOTS.
27. Cotyledon- the food storing part of the seed
28. THREE WAYS TO IDENTIFY MONOCOTS AND DICOTS
Monocots
Dicots
a. One seed part
a. Two seed parts
b. Leaf veins are parallel
b. Leaf veins form net-like structure (branch-like)
c. Petals in groups of 3’s
c. Petals in groups of 4 or 5
27. Classify- to group objects together that have similar characteristics
28. Adaptation- any trait that enables an organism to survive. Its adaptations are
related to its habitat, or where it lives
29. HOW SEEDS ARE SCATTERED:
a. Animals- buried, eaten, or stick to fur
b. Wind- lightweight, with hairs, wing, or other shapes to catch the wind
c. Float on water- grow in or near water
d. Scattered by the plant
e. Humans
30. CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADLEAF TREES
a. Broad, flat leaves
b. Deciduous
c. Hardwood
d. Have flowers that become fruits
31. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEEDLELEAF TREES
a. Evergreen-have green needles year-round
b. Softwood
c. No flowers
d. Cones
32. PARTS OF THE FLOWER
a. Petals- colorful, showy to attract bees, birds, butterflies
b. Pistil-the female part that is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary
c. Stamen- the male part which is made up of the anther and filament; the
anther holds the pollen grains
d. Flower stalk/stem-holds up the flower