Download EXAM REVIEW

KEY CONCEPTS BIOLOGY EXAM
Jan. 2012
SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND METRICS
1.
List the levels of organization going from a low level of organization to the highest
(atom---->biosphere) and be able to define each level.
2.
What is the difference between a theory and principle?
3.
Write the following in scientific notation: 0.000049 73.888
5008
4.
Write the following as a whole number or decimal: 5.2 x 104
3.8 x 10-3
5.
List the steps of the scientific method in the order that they should occur.
6.
Given an experimental design be able to identify the independent variable, dependent
variable, control group, & constants. Define each.
7.
Of the following numbers, 12.89cm, 12.88cm, 12.87cm what part of the numbers would be
considered certain digits? uncertain digits? What part the numbers have been estimated?
8.
List the 7 characteristics of life.
ECOLOGY
1.
What form of nitrogen is the least useful to living organisms? What % of air is N2?
2.
Organisms take in energy ultimately derived from what source?
3.
List the major events that occur in each step of the nitrogen cycle: nitrogen fixation,
nitrification,
ammonification, & denitrification
4.
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
5.
Explain the difference between immigration and emigration.
6.
What is carrying capacity?
7.
What is the difference between density-independent and density-dependent limiting factors.
8.
Explain the difference between S-shaped curve and J-shaped curves. Who was Thomas Malthus?
9.
Define the following: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, biotic factors, abiotic factors
10.
What is an omnivore? Is it a producer, consumer, herbivore, scavenger, carnivore?
11.
What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Diagram ea.
12.
List the 4 basic components of habitat.
13.
What is a pioneer community? A climax community?
14.
What is the difference between primary and secondary consumers?
15.
Explain biological magnification.
16.
What substance is a major threat to the ozone?
17.
Describe Gause’s competitive exclusion principle. What is a niche? resource partitioning?
BASIC CHEMISTRY
1.
2.
3.
What are the 5 forms of energy discussed in class?
What is the nucleus of an atom is made up of?
What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom, where are they found, & what are their
charges?
4.
What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? Define atom, element,
compound, matter and mixture.
5.
How does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond?
6.
What is pH? What is the pH scale? Which end is considered acidic? basic?
7.
Acids release which ions when it dissociates into water? What about when a base
dissociates
into water? List physical characteristics of acids and bases.
8.
What is a buffer?
9.
For the following chemical equation, what are the reactants and what are the products?
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O ---------------- C6H12O6 + 6O2
10.
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Examples of each?
11.
Compare the kinetic energy of molecules found in solids, liquids, and gases.
12.
What is the difference between endo- & exothermic reactions?
13.
Do ions with a positive charge gain or lose electrons? What about those with a neg. charge?
14
List the two parts of a solution and give an example of a solution.
15.
What is an isotope? How do radioisotopes differ from isotopes?
16.
Diagram the atom carbon given that the atomic mass is 12 and the atomic number is 6, diagram a
magnesium ion given atomic mass 24 and atomic # 12.
17.
How elements bond to form compounds depends primarily on what factor?
Organic Chemistry including Enzymes
1.
Write the 2-dimensional structural formulas of the following compounds: (also practice others)
C2H5OH (ethyl alcohol) CH3COOH (acetic acid)
NH2CH2COOH (amino acid, glycine)
2.
Explain the major differences between organic vs. inorganic molecules?
3.
What is an isomer?
4.
Give examples of mono- di- and polysacchrides.
5.
What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydration?
6.
What are the 2 subunits that make up a lipid? How many water molecules of water are produced
when 3 fatty acids are bonded to 1 glycerol?
7.
What is the difference between a saturated fat vs. and unsaturated fat? Give examples of
each
of these.
8.
Amino acids through dehydration synthesis form _________________. Amino acids are joined
together by what process. A peptide bond occurs between which atoms of two amino
acids.
9.
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen of carbohydrates?
10.
What is an enzyme? What does denaturation mean?
11
What makes up a nucleotide? List 3 characteristics of DNA.
12.
What is cellulose and where can it be found in the plant cell?
13.
What two functional groups do all amino acids contain?
14.
Energy stored in plants is________:
Energy stored in the liver and muscles is __________.
15.
What types of conditions slow down or stop enzymatic reactions?
16.
Create a labeled diagram of an enzymatic reaction using the terms: enzyme, substrate, active site,
enzyme-substrate complex, and final product.
CELL UNIT
1.
Give the function of the following organelles: mitochondrion, smooth & rough ER, cell
membrane,
ribosome, golgi body, microtubules, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleolus
Create a cell diagram and label each part.
2.
What is the major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Give examples of ea.
3.
List differences between plant and animal cells?
4
Distinguish the difference between osmosis and diffusion and diffusion & facilitated diffusion.
5
Distinguish the difference between plasmolysis and turgor pressure.
6.
Discuss active transport. How is it different from facilitated diffusion and osmosis?
7.
List the 3 parts of the cell theory and the 3 scientists involved with the formation of the theory.
8.
What internal structure is found in cilia and flagella? What’s the arrangement?
9.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
10.
Distinguish the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic, explaining the
direction water moves when cells are placed in each of the three environments.
11.
What would be the order of cell organelles for a protein being manufactured for export?
Where would it first be made, then transported, packaged and finally exported?