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homeostasis
the maintenance of a
constant internal state in a
changing environment a
constant internal state
that is maintained in a
changing environment by
continually making adjustments to the internal
and external environment
transport*
The movement or
transference of
biochemical substances
that occurs in biological
systems
lysosome
a cell organelle that
contains digestive enzymes
cell
membrane
a phospholipid layer that
covers a cell’s surface and
acts as a barrier between
the inside of a cell and the
cell’s environment
eukaryotic
organisms made up of cells
that have a nucleus
enclosed by a membrane e,
multiple chromosomes, and
a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes
include animals., plant and
fungi but not bacteria or
cyanobacteria
prokaryotic
organisms that consist of a
single cell that does not
have a nucleus of cell
organelles’ an example is a
bacterium
cytoplasm
the region of the cell
within the membrane that
includes the fluid, the
cytoskeleton, and all of the
organelles except the
nucleus
cell wall
a rigid structure that
surrounds the cell
membrane and provides
support to the cell
nucleus
in a eukaryotic cell, a
membrane-bound organelle
that contains the cells’
DJNA and that has a role
in processes such a growth,
metabolism and
reproduction
mitochondria
in eukaryotic cells, the cell
organelle that is
surrounded by two
membranes and that is the
site of cellular respiration,
which produces ATP
osmosis
the diffusion of water or
another solvent from a
dilute solution (of the
solute) to a more
concentrated solution (of
the solute) through a
membrane that is
permeable to the solvent
diffusion
the movement of particles
from regions of higher
density to regions of lower
density
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vacuole*
a membrane-bound cavity
within a cell, often
containing a watery liquid
or secretion
ribosome
a cell organelle composed
of RNA and protein, the
site of protein synthesis
active
transport
the movement of chemical
substances, usually across
the cell membrane, against
a concentration gradient
cytoskeleton
the cytoplasm network of
protein filaments that
plans an essential role in
cell movement, shape an
division
vesicle
a small cavity or sac that
contains material in a
eukaryotic cell; forms
when part of the cell
membrane surrounds the
materials to be taken into
the cell or transported
within the cell
chloroplast
an organelle found in plant
and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs
endoplasmic
reticulum
a system of membranes
that is found in a cell’s
cytoplasm and that assists
in e the production,
processing, and transport
of proteins and in the
production of lipids
cell theory
the theory that states
that all living things are
made up of cells, that cells
are the basic units of
organisms, that each cell in
a multicellular organism
has a specific job and that
cells come only from
existing cells
organelle
one of the small bodies
that are found in the
cytoplasm of a cell and
that are specialized to
perform a specific function
Golgi
apparatus
cell organelle that helps
make and package
materials to be
transported out of the cell