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Name:_______________per____
Macromolecules Structure and Function Test (50 pts)
(1 pt each)
__ 1. Hydrolysis could be correctly described as the
a) heating of a compound to drive off its excess water and concentrate its volume
b) breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its
structure between the subunits
c) linking of two or more molecules by the removal of one or more water molecule
d) constant removal of hydrogen atoms from the surface of a carbohydrate
e) none of the above
__ 2. The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is accomplished by a(n)
______ reaction.
a) oxidation
c) Condensation
e) decarboxylation
b) reduction
d) hydrolysis
__ 3. A dehydration reaction typically produces:
a) monomers
b) salts
c) sugars
d) polymers
e) amino acids
__ 4. A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called:
a) polymers
b) cells
c) isomers
d) monomers
e) isotopes
__ 5. Which of the following is not a macromolecule?
a) protein
b) starch
c) nucleotide
d) lipid
e) DNA
__ 6. A(n) ____________ is a basic unit of a carbohydrate.
a) monosaccharide
c) nucleotide
e) amino acids
b) starch
d) glycerol
__ 7. Which of the following includes all the others?
a) sucrose
b) glucose
c) cellulose
d) glycogen
e) carbohydrate
__ 8. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
a) glucose
b) fructose
c) deoxyribose
d) starch
e) ribose
__ 9. STARCH and CELLULOSE are ALIKE in that both are:
a) composed of nucleotide chains
b) found only in animal cells
c) found only in plant cells
d) contain hydrophobic, fatty acid side chains
__ 10. A CARBOHYDRATE (polysaccharide) that makes PLANT CELLS and tissues
STRUCTURALLY RIGID, like roots and stems, is:
a) sucrose
b) glycogen
c) starch
d) cellulose
e) nucleotides
__ 11. A carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that is formed by plants and used later by the plant as a
reserve food supply and made up of only glucose molecules covalently bonded together is:
a) cellulose
b) starch
c) glycogen
d) triglycerides e) sucrose
__ 12. In a phospholipid bilayer ___________ tails point inward and form a region that excludes
water.
a) acidic
b) basic
c) hydrophilic
d) hydrophobic e) none of these
__ 13. Lipids:
a) serve as energy reserves in many organisms
b) include cartilage and chitin
c) include fats that are broken down into one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol
molecules
d) are composed of monosaccharides
e) none of the above
__ 14. What type of LIPIDS are found in ALL biological MEMBRANES?
a) triglycerides b) waxes
c) phospholipids d) diglycerides
e) cholesterol
__ 15. Unlike the saturated fatty acids, found mostly in animal fats and oils, UNSATURATED
FATTY ACIDS:
a) contain hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, in a ring formation
b) are often covalently bonded to sugars
c) lack of carboxyl group
d) contain double bonds between carbons causing a bend in their hydrocarbon chain.
__ 16. Amino acids are the building blocks for
a) enzymes
b) steroids
c) lipids
d) nucleic acids e) carbohydrates
__ 17. Nucleotides are the building blocks for
a) proteins
b) steroids
c) lipids
d) RNA
e) carbohydrates
__ 18. Nucleotides are composed of a(an): A. AMINO ACID, B. NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASE,
C. FATTY ACID, D. 5-CARBON SUGAR, E. PHOSPHATE MOLECULE.
a) B, D, C
b) A, D, E
c) C, D, E
d) B, D, E
e) A, B, C.
__ 19. DNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES?
a) proteins;
b) carbohydrates c) lipids
d) amino acids e) nucleic acids
__ 20. Lactose is an example of a:
a) Monosaccharide
b. Nucleic acid
c. Steroid
d. disaccharide
__ 21. Cells use ________ to break down or put together materials.
a) Lipids
b. Enzymes
c. Polysaccharides
d. None of the above
__22. Hormones are a type of macromolecule in this family:
a. Carbohydrate
b. Lipid
c. Protein
d. Nucleic acid
__23. Proteins are polymers that are made up of this type of monomer:
a. Monosaccharide’s
b. Nucleic acids
c. Lipids
d. Amino acids
__24. Which molecule brings triglycerides and cholesterol to the liver to be processed?
a. Phospholipid
b. HDL
c. Glycogen d. LDL
__25. This molecule is very important in maintaining the stability of the cell membrane:
a. Nucleotides
b. cholesterol
c. amino acid
d. starch
__26. Glycogen is a _______ found in ________
a. lipid, plants
b. carbohydrate, plants
c. lipid, animals
d. carbohydrate, animals
__27. Enzymes may lose their functionality. One way to describe an enzyme that is overheated is
a. calcified
b. denatured
c. Hydrolysed
d. Phoenician
__28. In the following graph showing the breakdown of glucose, which line represents a reaction
WITH an enzyme?
a. A
b. B
__29. Cholesterol is the base molecule that will form which product?
a. hormones
b. enzymes c. DNA backbones d. amino acids
__30. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about enzymes?
a. Substrates attach to the active site of an enzyme
b. An enzymes shape determines its’ function
c. An enzyme may act on several different types of substrates
d. Enzymes can lose functionality by the effects of inhibitors, temperature, and pH
Identify the following macromolecules from their structure: (Q’s 31- 40)
C
B
A
E
D
(2 pts each)
___31. Carbohydrate
___32. Phospholipid
___33. Protein
___34. Nucleic acid
___35. Cholesterol
___36. Makes up cell membranes
___37. Polysaccharide
___38. Hormone
___39. Found in liver and muscle cells
___40. CARRIED in the blood by LDL or HDL