Download Kingdom Animalia Review

Invertebrate Review Assignment
Biology 112
1. What are the major characteristics that distinguish animals from plants?
2. State the three germ layers found in most animals and give an example of a tissue type or organ system that arises
from each.
3. List the following terms in the correct developmental sequence: cleavage, embryo, zygote, adult, meiosis, gastrula,
fertilization, blastula.
4. A student submits a diagram of an embryo with the three germ layers labelled. The title reads “Diagram of sponge
embryo.” Do you mark it right or wrong? Explain.
5. Distinguish between acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates.
6. As animals became more complex, why was the development of a coelom important?
7. Describe the three types of body symmetry.
8. Which form of symmetry is characteristic of the highest animals?
9. Explain why animals with radial symmetry show no signs of cephalization.
10. List the main body areas associated with bilateral symmetry and state what each one means.
11. Is your head anterior or posterior to your arms? Describe the location of your arms in relation to your shoulders.
12. What is the term for an organism which can produce both sperm and eggs?
13. Why are sponges classified as part of the animal kingdom?
14. How does a jellyfish obtain food?
15. How is cephalization an evolutionary advantage?
16. How has the digestive system of planaria been improved over that of the jellyfish?
17. How have the digestive systems of the roundworm and segmented worm been improved compared to that of
flatworms?
18. What is meant by segmentation? How is segmentation an evolutionary advantage?
19. How is the annelid coelom different from the body cavity of the roundworm?
20. In a parasitic worm, why would it be useful to be hermaphroditic?
21. Using cephalization as a basis, list the molluscs in order from oldest to most recent and explain your reasoning.
22. Describe feeding in the gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods.
23. How are cephalopods different from other mollusks?
24. Explain how the gills of bivalves perform two separate functions?
25. How is the closed circulatory system an advantage to cephalopods?
26. List some characteristics of arthropods.
27. Why does the presence of an exoskeleton require the presence of jointed appendages?
28. Why is molting necessary?
29. What are the advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton?
30. What is a tracheal respiratory system? Why is it an advantage? Why is this especially important for flying insects?