Download the Animal kingdom

1
THE ANIMAL
KINGDOM
A Summary of Chapters 26-34
What is an animal?
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Kingdom
Animalia
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotic
 Heterotrophs
 No cell walls

Animal Evolution
3

Complex animals
 High
levels of cell
specialization
 Internal body
organization
 Bilateral
symmetry
 Cephalization
 Body cavity
Sponges
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Multicellular
 Heterotrophic
 Lack cell walls
 But contain few
specialized cells
 Water flow provides a
simple mechanism for
feeding, respiration,
circulation, and excretion.

Cnidarians
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
Soft-bodied, carnivorous
animals with stinging
tentacles around the mouth
 nematocysts


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Simplest animal with both
symmetry and specialized
tissues
Life stages are polyp and
medusa
Include jellyfish, hydra, sea
anemones, & corals
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Flatworms
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

Soft, flattened worms with
tissues and internal organ
systems
No body cavity
 coelom


Simplest animals to have
three embryonic germ
layers, bi-symmetry, and
cephalization
Most are hermaphrodites
Tubellarians, Flukes, and Tapeworms
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Roundworms
9

Unsegmented
worms with
pseudocoelems
and digestive
systems with a
mouth and an
anus
Annelids
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Worms with
segmented bodies
and a true coelom
lined with mesoderm
 Include earthworms,
leeches (external
parasites), and
polychaetes (marine)

Mollusks
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Soft-bodies with an
internal or external
shell
 Body Plan

 Foot,
mantle, shell,
and a visceral mass

Gastropods,
bivalves, and
cephalopods
Types of Mollusks
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
Gastropods
Shell-less or single shelled
 Move using a muscular foot


Bivalves


Two shells held together by
powerful muscle(s)
Cephalopods
Soft-bodied
 Head attached to foot and
tentacles
 Most active mollusks

Arthropods





Segmented bodies
Tough exoskeleton
Jointed appendages
Evolution has led to fewer
segments and highly
specialized appendages.
Classified by the number
and structure of segments
and appendages.
Arthropods
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
Molting occurs as
they outgrow their
exoskeletons
Vulnerablity
increases at this time
Crustaceans
Two pairs of antennae
 2-3 body sections
 Mandibles- chewing mouth parts

Chelicerates
Mouthparts called
chelicerae- fangs
 2 body sections
 4 pairs of
walking legs

Uniramians
Jaws
 One pair of
antennae
 Unbranched
appendages

Insects
Body divided into 3
parts- head,
thorax, abdomen
 3 pairs of legs
attached to thorax
 Undergo
metamorphosis
 Can have complex
“societies”

Echinoderms



Spiny skin
Internal skeleton
Water vascular
system


Respiration, circulation,
and movement
Tube feet
 suction-cups

Five part radial
symmetry (adults)
Chordates
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

Have a hollow nerve
cord; a notochord;
pharyngeal pouches;
and a tail for at least
part of its life
There are only 2 groups
of non- vertebrate
chordates
 Lancelets
 Tunicates
Fishes
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Aquatic
vertebrates with
fins, scales, and
gills
 Jawless fish
 Cartilaginous fish
 Bony fish

Amphibians
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

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Lives in water as a
larva and land as an
adult
Moist skin
Lacks scales and claws
Include salamanders,
frogs and toads, and
caecilians
Reptiles
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Scaly skin, lungs,
and soft eggs
 Exothermic
 Includes lizards,
snakes,
crocodilians, turtles
and tortoises, and
tuatara

Birds
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


Reptile-like animals that
are endothermic
Feathers, two legs with
scales, and front limbs
modified for flight
Many features allow
them to fly
 Feathers,
lightweight
bones, strong chest
muscles
Mammals
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Hair
 Breathe air
 Produce milk
 4-chambered
hearts
 Endotherms
 Complex organ
systems that
maintain
homeostasis

Mammal Diversity
26
Monotremes- lay
eggs
 Marsupials- bear live,
underdeveloped
young which mature
in pouches
 Placentals- bear live
more mature young

Animal Behavior
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COMING SOON!