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Ch 14.1 THE HOPES OF IMMIGRANTS Why People Migrated? People who leave a country are emigrants. People living in a new country are immigrants. During the mid 1800s people from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and China left their countries due to: 1. overcrowded population 2. agricultural changes (people forced off land) 3. crop failures (poor harvest = hunger & no $) 4. industrial revolution (put people out of work) 5. religious and political persecution They migrated to the U.S. to gain: 1. religious freedom 2. economic opportunities to support families 3. abundant land to own and farm Some native-born Americans didn’t want immigrants to move to the U.S. (called Nativists). They committed acts of discrimination & formed the Know-Nothing political party No Irish No Catholics No immigrants running for political office Ch 14.2 AMERICAN LITERATURE & ART Writers Created a new, American style of writing Noah Webster published dictionary (1828) with American, not British spellings and American slang Edgar Allan Poe created Horror & Mystery genres 1 Artists Took European styles into new directions New Philosophies transcendentalism (spiritual world more important than physical world) civil disobedience (peaceful disobey laws) Ch 14.3 REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY Second Great Awakening (early 1800s) renewal of religious faith traveling preachers lead revivals Temperance Movement Campaign to stop drinking alcohol Workers’ Rights Labor Union: group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions Strike: stopping work to demand better conditions Education Horace Mann led creation of public schools o Started in New England and northern states o First available to boys only-not girls or African Americans Care for Needy People organized to serve mentally ill and prisoners Printed Information Penny papers: serious news Magazines: general social education 2 Ch 14.4 ABOLITION & WOMEN’S RIGHTS Abolition: movement to end slavery Northern states outlawed slavery ((1804) Congress banned importation of African slaves (1807) Several famous abolitionists (black, white, men, women, former slaves) fought to end slavery through: speeches, pamphlets, newspapers, petitions, rebellions (dangerous & violent) John Quincy Adams introduced amendment to abolish slavery Proslavery folks looked like they were against free speech Slavery not fully abolished until 1865 The Underground Railroad: above-ground series of escape routes from the South to the (free) North runaway slaves traveled on foot, took wagons, boats, trains Discrimination still existed against free slaves in the North unskilled had to compete with immigrants for jobs few voting rights difficulty owning property Women’s Suffrage: Right for women to vote Growing women’s rights movement for equal rights of men Movement involved both female and male leaders Demands not fully realized until l900s 3 Chapter 14 Notes Name__________________________Per_____Date_________ Ch 14.1 THE HOPES OF IMMIGRANTS Emigrants = Immigrants =. During the mid 1800s people from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and China left their countries due to (Push Factors): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. They migrated to the U.S. to gain (Pull Factors): 1. 2. 3. Nativists = Know-Nothing Party = Both are against: 1. 2. 3. Ch 14.2 AMERICAN LITERATURE & ART Writers Artists New Philosophies 4 Ch 14.3 REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY Second Great Awakening (early 1800s) Temperance Movement Workers’ Rights Education - Horace Mann = - Care for Needy Printed Information Ch 14.4 ABOLITION & WOMEN’S RIGHTS Abolition:= - The Underground Railroad= Women’s Suffrage = - 5