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Name :________Answer Key ______Date:__________Period:_______ Biochemistry Study Guide MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the letter for ALL the answers that are TRUE. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER. NO other kind of atom can form the number and variety of molecules that ___________________ can because it can bond to 4 other atoms at the same time to make carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. carbon D. sodium This chemical reaction is an example of a(n) ________________ reaction. A. synthesis B. polymerization C. hydrolysis A ____________________ is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. A. amino acid B. nucleotide C. phospholipid D. glycoprotein Lipids are A. B. C. D. E. different from other macromolecules because they ___________________ are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 dissolve easily in water form large protein molecules are hydrophilic Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are all __________________. A. proteins B. polysaccharides C. nucleic acids D. lipids E. phospholipids This molecule is a(n) ____________________________ A. nucleic acid B. amino acid C. phospholipid 1 D. carbohydrate This molecule is ___________________ A. insulin B. hemoglobin C. glucose D. a phospholipid E. ATP Acid vs Base Acid Base Concentration H+ High Low Concentration OH- Low High 0-6.9 7.1-14 Definition pH range What is pH is neutral? ________7__________ MATCH THE MOLECULE WITH THE SUBUNIT THAT BUILDS IT: ___B_____ CARBOHYDRATES ___C_____ NUCLEIC ACIDS ___A_____ PROTEINS A B What are the two main parts of a lipid? ___Glycerol___________ and _______Fatty Acid Tails_____________ Identify the elements that make up each compound. ___CHO___________Carbohydrate ___CHO___________ Lipids ___CHON___________ Proteins ___CHONP___________ Nucleic Acid 2 C Match the molecule with its description: LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS ___Proteins_________________________ made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide a wide variety of functions in cells ___Carbohydrates______________________ made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio ___Nucleic Acid_______________________ made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information ___Lipids_____________________ Hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings MACROMOLECULES GIVE SOME FUNCTIONS OF EACH 1. Main Energy Source CARBOHYDRATES 2. Structural (cellulose – plant cell – cell wall) 1. Stores genetic information -DNA NUCLEIC ACIDS 2. Controls cells activity by producing Proteins 1. Long term storage of energy LIPIDS 2. Main part of cell membrane 3. Hormones 1. Functionally (enzymes) PROTEINS 2. Structurally (Keratin) 3. Food Source 4. 5. ENZYMES MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the letter of the answer(s) that correctly complete the sentence. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER. Enzymes are ___________________________ A. used up during chemical reactions B. unchanged during chemical reactions and reusable 3 Reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction are called __________________ A. polymers B. products C. substrates D. organics Macromolecule that can act as enzymes are ______________________. A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. Nucleic acids D. proteins Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by _________________________. A. decreasing the activation energy B. increasing the activation energy C. making more hydrogen bonds D. changing the pH of the solution Proteins (like enzymes) change shape or ___________________ when placed in extreme pH or temperature conditions. A. desensitize B. polymerize C. depolarize D. denature MATCH EACH COMPONENT IN THE ENZYME CATALYZED REACTION BELOW WITH ITS NAME BY WRITING THE LETTER ON THE LINE PROVIDED. __E___ PRODUCTS __C___ SUBSTRATE __B___ ACTIVE SITE __D__ ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX __A___ ENZYME Name two (2) environmental conditions that can cause proteins (enzymes) to change their shape. ________pH______________________ ________Temperature _________ Many genetic diseases result from the production of enzymes that are not shaped correctly. How does changing in an enzyme’s shape cause it to work poorly or not at all? Shape determines its job, change the shape you change the job, enzyme becomes useless (denatured) 4
