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Name:_____________________________ Date: _______________ Hr: ________ Chapter 10 Test Review 1. What is crossing over and what does it result in? CHROMOSOMAL SEGMENTS ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES RESULTING IN GENETIC VARIATIONS. 2. What is a gamete? Female gamete? Male gamete? A SEX CELL. FEMALE=EGG, MALE=SPERM 3. Cells that contain 2 alleles for each trait are described as HOMOZYGOUS. 4. Define Heredity. What is the study of heredity called? PASSING OF CHARACTERISTICS FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING, GENETICS 5. What is a genotype? Phenotype? 6. What is the device used for predicting possible offspring with different genotypes? Who developed this device? PUNNET SQUARE, REGINALD PUNNET 7. Write the examples for the following genotypes: Heterozygous, Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive. Tt, TT, tt 8. Define Mendel’s 2 laws. Explain in detail LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENTWAY IN WHICH CHROMOSOME PAIR SORTS RANDOMLY WHEN GETTING ONE ALLELE FROM EACH PARENT LAW OF SEGREGATION-STATES YOU CAN ONLY GET ONE ALLELE FROM EACH PARENT. 9. What is produced by each parent and shown along the sides of a Punnett square? GAMETES 10. Who carried out the first studies of heredity? GREGOR MENDEL 11. What did he use to carry out these studies? PEA PLANTS 12. Be able to give possible allelic combinations found in gametes Ex:(Bb, Dd) can be expressed how many ways? BD, Bd, bD, bd 13. What is pollination? TRANSFER OF MALE POLLEN GRAIN TO FEMALE PLANT ORGAN 14. What are the odds of a child being born a boy? 50% 15. Complete a monohybrid punnett square for height. Tall is dominant. SEE BOOK 16. What is happening in meiosis and fertilization? MEIOSIS IS CELLS SPLITTING TO HAPLOID. FERTILIZATION IS THE UNION OF MALE & FEMALE GAMETE 17. What is the alternate form of a gene? ALLELE 18. Be able to complete a dihybrid cross. OMIT! NOT ON TEST 19. Explain the difference between haploid vs. diploid. HAPLOID N=23 CHROMOSOMES DIPLOID 2N-46 CHROMOSOMES 20. What is a zygote? FERTILIZED EGG