Download Science.7 Reviewing Cell Organelles Name Date ____________

Science.7
Reviewing Cell Organelles
Essential Questions
1. What are the major structures and functions of
plant and animal cells?
Vocabulary
cell, classify, organelle, cell wall,
nucleus, cell membrane,
vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum,
chloroplasts, golgi body,
cytoplasm, mitochondria
Name ______________________________
Date _______________________________
Objectives
1. Classify cells based on their structure.
2. Identify the major structures and functions of plants
and animal cells.
STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of CELLS
Living things are made up of at least one cell. Cells come in many different types. Plant
and animal cells are two of the main types of cells. All cells are systems that consist of
parts that work together. For example, all cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and
genetic material. Each cell part has a particular job or function that it performs.
What two of the main types of cells?
Why are cells systems?
What do all cells have?
The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell. The
cell membrane is semi-permeable, which means that only some substances can pass
through it. Substances such as water, oxygen, and nutrients are allowed to enter. Waste
products such as carbon dioxide are allowed to exit.
What function does the cell membrane have?
What does semi-permeable mean?
What substances does the cell membrane allow to enter?
What substance does the cell membrane allow to exit?
DNA, the genetic material of the cell, is located inside the nucleus. The nucleus is
sometimes called the brain or control center of the cell because it is responsible for
directing all cell activities.
What is DNA and where is it located?
Why is the nucleus called the brain or control center of the cell?
The inside of a cell is filled with a clear, thick, jelly-like fluid called cytoplasm. Many
chemical changes that are important to the survival of the cell go on inside the
cytoplasm. The thick fluid constantly flows inside the barrier of the cell membrane.
What is cytoplasm?
What happens inside the cytoplasm?
Mitochondria are often called the powerhouses of the cell because their function is to
release the chemical energy that is stored in food. Respiration, a chemical change that
occurs between the food and oxygen, occurs in the mitochondrion. Respiration results
in energy in a form that can be used by the cell.
Why are mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?
What occurs in the mitochondrion?
What results from respiration?
Vacuoles are storage compartments inside the cells. They are usually filled with water
and other liquids. Plant cells have large central vacuoles that, when full of water, create
pressure inside the plant cells to support the plant. If the central vacuoles in plant cells
are not filled with water, the plant will wilt or die.
What are vacuoles?
What function do the vacuoles of plant cells have?
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, DNA protected by a
nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuoles. In addition, plant cells contain a cell wall and
chloroplasts, which are not found in animal cells. The cell wall is a tough, rigid outer
covering that protects each plant cell and gives it shape and support. The chloroplasts
are green bodies inside plant cells that make food during a process called
photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain a chemical called chlorophyll that captures solar
energy from the Sun. During an energy transformation, the solar energy is changed into
chemical energy.
What parts do plant cells have that are not found in animal cells?
What role do these parts play?
Although cells are the basic unit of structure and function in both plants and animals,
their cells are different in several ways. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts to carry on
the process of photosynthesis. Animal cells also do not have tough cell walls to give
them the rigid, boxy shape of plant cells.
1. Write the letter of the organelle in the box next to its correct definition:
B. nucleus
has chlorophyll and helps in the process of
photosynthesis
storage area
C. cell membrane
gives the cell shape and protection
D. vacuole
helps keep organelles in place
E. chloroplasts
helps control eating, movement, and
reproduction
controls what enters the cell and what
leaves the cell
A. cell wall
F. cytoplasm
2. What is similar and different between animal and plant cells?
Identify whether these organelles are located within plant or animal cells.
Organelle
Cell wall
Found in
Plant
Cells?
Found in
Animal
Cells?
Structure
(Organelles are small
structures within the cell)
the tough outside wall of a
cell
gives the cell shape and
protection
center part of a cell
part of a cell that helps
control eating, movement,
and reproduction; acts like
the brain of a cell
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
outer cell covering
controls what enters the
cell and what leaves the
cell
water-filled sac inside a cell
acts as a storage area;
contains fluid and sugars
tiny green bodies
an organelle that has
chlorophyll, which helps in
the process of
photosynthesis;
the jelly-like fluid or liquid
inside a cell
holds organelles in place
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
mitochondria
Function
(Organelles carry out
specific functions or jobs)
tube-shaped organelles
make energy from food