Download 1700s 1800s 1900s Immigrants 1790: Naturalization Act Congress

1700s
1800s
1900s
Immigrants
1790: Naturalization Act
Congress adopts rules that allow any free
white person to apply for citizenship after
two years of residency.
1798: Naturalization Act
Alien and Sedition Acts. Requires 14 years
residency before citizenship. Reduced to 5
in 1802. Also allows deportation of
immigrants deemed “dangerous”.
1819: First federal legislation on immigration
Reporting of immigration and rules for
passengers from US ports bound for Europe
1846: Irish Immigrants
Come to flee potato famine.
1849: Chinese Immigrants
California Gold Rush attracts settlers
1862: Homestead Act
Attracts foreigners to settle on western land.
1880’s: Wave #1
Old immigrants. England, Ireland, and Germany
1882: Chinese Exclusion Act
Completely barred Chinese from entering U.S.
until 1943. Also barred convicts and the insane.
1885: Alien Contract Labor Law
Prevents foreigners from being brought into the
U.S. for labor.
1892: Opening of Ellis Island
Screened immigrants arriving on the East coast.
1900’s: Wave #2
New Immigrants. Mainly from southern/eastern
Europe. (Italy, Poland, Russia)
Influx of Russian immigrants after Bolshevik
Revolution (Red Scare)
1921: Emergency Quota Act
Established 3% national quota. Quota based on
census of 1910, favoring southern Europeans.
1924: Immigration Act
2% national origin quota established. Census
basis shifted to 1890, favoring northern
Europeans.
1943: Chinese Exclusion Act Repealed
No discrimination of Chinese
1952: Immigration and Nationality Act
Eliminated race as a bar to immigration or
citizenship.
1954: Operation Wetback
Government roundup operation, thousands of
illegal Mexican immigrants are forcibly
deported.
1965: Hart-Celler Act
Abolished national quotas set in place by the
Immigration Act of 1921. Set separate standards
for eastern hemisphere (170,000) and western
hemisphere (120,000)
1970’s: Vietnam
Thousands of South Vietnamese enter the U.S.
after we pull out of Vietnam and the communist
North takes control.
1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act
Attempted to stop illegal entry by penalizing
employers of undocumented aliens and granting
amnesty to aliens already here.
Women
1700s
1800s
1775-1783: “Remember the Ladies”
Abigail Adams- wife of John Adams, spoke
on behalf of women. Wrote a letter to John
Adams, her husband, about women equality
1848: Seneca Falls Convention
First women’s rights convention held in Seneca
Falls, NY. Both men and women signed a
Declaration of Sentiments, that outlined their
grievances about the lack of women rights
(Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan b.
Anthony, Sojourner Truth)
1908: Muller v Oregon
Laws protecting female workers since factory
work had harmful effects on their bodies
(special protection)
1854: Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about the cruelties
of slavery.
1920: Nineteenth Amendment
Women the right to vote; gained after women
contribution during WWl.
1861-1865: Civil War
U.S. Sanitary Commission- organized by first
female physician Elizabeth Blackwell to assist
the Union on the field. Clara Barton & Dorothea
Dix- superintendents of nurses for the Union
army made nursing respectable.
1921: Sheppard- Towner Maternity Act
Provided federal financial instruction in
maternal and infant healthcare
1776-1790: Pursuit of Equality
Republican motherhood- a Revolutionary
ideal where women we elevated to being
keepers of the nation’s conscience for civic
virtue.
1868: Reconstruction
14th Amendment- national citizenship and
required all states to provide equal protection to
all people. Stanton and Anthony fought against
this amendment when it used the word “male”
when referring to the citizen’s right to vote
1874: Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Lobbied for local/state laws against alcohol
(Carrie A. Nation). Played a major role during
Prohibition Era during Progressive Era of early
1900s
1900s
1920s: The New Woman
Flappers, Sex O’Clock in America
1921: American Birth Control League
Promote education for pregnancy prevention
(Margaret Sanger)
1923: Adkins v Children’s Hospital
Court reversed Muller v Oregon decision ( no
special protection and no minimum wage)
1941-1945: WWll
18 million in workforce by 1945 (women
assumed roles in factories)
1972: Title lX
Gender equality in federally- funded educational
programs; more opportunities in women’s sports
1889: Jane Addams creates Hull House
Was the first American settlement house;
settlement houses became centers of women
activism and reform
1972: Equal Rights Amendment
“Equality of rights under the law shall not be
denied or abridged by the united States or by
any state on account of sex”
1890: National American Women Suffrage
Association (NAWSA) formed
Waged campaigns for women to obtain voting
rights (Carrie Chapman Catt)
1973: Roe v Wade
Legalized abortion protecting privacy rights of
women
1700s
1800s
1900s
African
Americans
Colonial Slavery:
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave Codes
American Revolution:
Many slaves fought for both the Patriots
and the British
Road to the Civil War:
Slave Auctions
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law
Civil War and Reconstruction:
54th Massachusetts
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Freemen’s Bureau (1865)
Black Codes
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment
Ku Klux Klan
Jim Crow Laws
Gilded Age:
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Grandfather Clause
Plessy v. Ferguson
American’s Move to the City (1865-1900):
WEB DuBois
Booker T. Washington
Roaring Twenties:
Harlem Renaissance
Jazz Age
Louis Armstrong, Langston Hughes, Marcus
Gravey, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston
United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
World War II:
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE, 1942)
Tuskegee Airmen
Cold War and Eisenhower Era:
Levittown’s
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Great African American Migration
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Rosa Parks, MLK
Southern Resistance
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Sixties:
Freedom Riders
March on Washington
MLK, Malcolm X
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Selma, Montgomery, Greenville
Black Panthers
Black Power
Seventies:
Milliken v. Bradbury (1974)
Bakke v. California (1978)
1700s
Native
Americans
Colonial Era:
Columbian Exchange
Thanksgiving
Pocahontas
Cultural Clashes:
As more colonists arrive in New World,
Native American resist removal:
Anglo-Powhatan Wars, French and Indian
War, Battle of Tippecanoe, Battle of Fallen
Timbers
1800s
Louisiana Purchase (1803):
Sacagawea
Colonists subdue Natives:
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Trail of Tears (1838)
Native American Resistance:
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull v. Custer (1876)
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
Advocacy and Forced Assimilation:
Carlisle Indian School (1879)
A Century of Dishonor (1881)
Helen Hunt Jackson
Dawes-Severalty Act (1887)
1900s
Advocacy and Forced Assimilation:
Society of American Indians (1911)
Indian Reorganization Act (1934)
1700s
1800s
1900s
Industrialization
As Americas private economy began to flourish,
many Americans sought power through profits as
opposed to politics
Reconstruction:
With the Civil War resulting in the abolition of
slavery, the American South underwent
Industrialization, similar to the North
1870s:
Agriculture was the nation’s biggest business; by
1900, it accounted for less than half.
Republican Presidents:
With Republican Presidents being in charge of
government, laissez-faire tactics allowed for
business to flourish
Progressive Era
Journalists, known as Muckrackers, began to
reveal the corrupt practices done by large
corporations in an attempt to rally support for
regulation
Some famous Muckrackers:
Include Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, John Spargo,
and Ida Tarbell
Labor Unions:
Began to emerge as a result of poor working
Conditions.
AF of L, Knights of Labor, IWW, etc.
President Theodore Roosevelt:
Began a practice known as Trust-Busting
Industrial Revolution:
Railroad building marked the beginning of the
Industrial Revolution. Due to its price and risk,
railroad builders required for the government to
provide them with land subsidies. Cornelius
Vanderbilt led the charge for the unity
of the Western and Eastern Railroads. He
helped with popularizing the steel rail
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) and Clayton
Antitrust Act
T.R, along with Taft would sue corporations for
creating large trusts, in an attempt to break
down monopolies. Led to the dissolution of
Standard Oil in 1911
Scandals:
Scandals such as Credit Mobilier and cases such
as Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad
Company vs. Illinois emerged as a result of
corruption
Industrialization Overall:
Had a positive impact on the economy. Led to
the emergence of the United States as a global
power, this being cemented after both of the
World Wars.
Led to the Interstate Commerce Act:
Regulated monopolistic railroad buildings
John D. Rockefeller:
Created the Standard Oil Empire through his
notorious tactic of horizontal integration
Andrew Carnegie:
Established the Carnegie Steel Corporation, using
vertical integration. With the emergence of big
corporations, labor unions began to emerge
It did however, lead to overproduction, a major
cause for the Great Depression