Download The Crusades

The Crusades
Crusades
The Crusades were
a series of military
expeditions
launched by
Christian Europe in
an attempt to
reclaim lost territory
from the Muslims
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Causes of the Crusades
1. Muslim invasions of and attacks on Christian
lands, especially Jerusalem
2. Desire to spread and unite Christianity
3. Desire to open up trade routes to the East
4. Individuals hoped to gain land and riches
5. Protection of Christian pilgrims headed to
Jerusalem
Effects of the Crusades
1. The Roman Catholic Church lost
power and prestige
2. Feudalism breaks down
3. Attacks on Jews
4. Increase in trade and technology
5. Lasting tension between Christianity
and Islam
First Crusade (1096-1099)
Causes:
1. Constantinople
needed help fighting
the Seljuk Turks
2. Wanted to recapture
Jerusalem
Effects:
1. Only crusade that
captured Jerusalem
and the 400 miles
between Edessa
and Jerusalem
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Causes:
1. Keep Jerusalem and
surrounding lands
2. Pope promised
forgiveness of sins
3. 2nd and 3rd sons
couldn’t inherit land,
so crusaded to attain
land of their own
Effects:
1. They were stopped
in Antioch
2. Muslims took
control of
Jerusalem
Third Crusade (1189-1192)
Causes:
1. Try to recapture
Jerusalem
2. Forgiveness of sins
3. Land
4. 3 Kings War- Philip II
of France, Fredrich
Barbosa of Germany,
and Richard the
Lionhearted of
England all
participated
1. Richard the
Lionhearted made a
truce with Saladin (a
Turk leader) that
Christians could visit
their holy shrines in
Jerusalem
Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
Causes:
1. Try to recapture
Jerusalem
2. Forgiveness of sins
3. Land
Effects:
1. Never reached
Jerusalem, Crusaders
sacked Constantinople
2. Exposed Crusaders to
new ideas
3. Split Christian church
4. Muslims controlled
Jerusalem until 1948