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The Northern Renaissance Northern Humanism • Also known as Christian Humanism • Tied to the Protestant Reformation • Shared some of the aesthetic values of the High Renaissance: idealism, rationalism, love for Classical literature • Unlike Italy – preoccupied with condition of church and wider Christian world • Approached faith in simple terms Faith • Any Christian with a pure and humble heart can pray directly to God • This creed is the same as Christ’s scriptural message (as learned through reading vernacular Bible) • Harbored hostility toward Italian interference in local religious affairs • Wished to restore church to its original purpose by imitating early church (free from corrupt leaders) Northern Renaissance • Marked by competing styles • Affected by religious upheavals • Gothic forms and mysticism • Italy’s High renaissance • Mannerism William Shakespeare • Tragedy and comedy became part of popular culture • Secular and commercial theater emerged • Prior – Christian scholars condemned the stage for wicked displays and seductive delights • Morality plays • Under Queen Elizabeth I many dramatists appear More About Shakespeare • 1564-1616 • Born in Stratford-upon-Avon • 1590 – plays performed • 1610 – retired early – successful • 37 dramas Northern Renaissance Painting • Emerged during an era of cultural crisis • Late Gothic style of Flemish school losing its appeal • Many artists attracted to Italian art • Influence of Protestant Reformation • Individual tastes and styles become important • Secular subject acceptable Albrecht Durer • Engraver and painter • Paintings brought him recognition and wealth in his day • Self portraits • Engravings constitute greatest artistic legacy House by a Pond Putti Dancing and Making Music Self-Portrait at 26 A Young Hare Adam and Eve Portrait of Erasmus at 49 Charcoal on Paper Knight, Death and the Devil Portrait of a Clergyman The Four Holy Men Matthias Grunewald • His paintings represent a continuation of the Late Gothic style • Emotionalism Hieronymus Bosch • Treated common religious subjects in bizarre and fantastic ways • Precise detail • Works contain ambiguous, cynical, moral messages • So original he stands outside any formal historical period Pieter Bruegel the Elder • Characteristic of changes in northern European art in the mid 1500’s • Lived after deaths of Durer and Grunewald • Protestant iconoclasm – less religious art • His subjects – landscapes, country scenes, folk narratives, peasant life • Secular art CounterReformation Spanish Painting El Greco