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AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study Course Description This senior level social studies course is taught as a college level course. The study of European history since 1450 is studied. The class introduces students to the social, political, religious, intellectual, technological, cultural, and economic developments that played a fundament role in the shaping of the western world we live in. The students will develop an understanding of the principle themes in modern European history, an ability to analyze historical evidence and historical interpretations, and the ability to express historical understandings in writing. In May, students will be given the opportunity to take the AP Test that could result in earned college credit. Prerequisite: Completion of the Student AP Information Packet Credit: 1 Credit/1 Year AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Evaluate the end of the Middle Ages with its multiple plagues of war, disease, invasion, and general decadence. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: pestilence and strife, the Hundred Years’ War, the decline of the church. CONCEPTS Causes of Hundred Years’ War. Causes of the Black Death. The struggle between politics and the papacy. VOCABULARY Social Political Intellectual Religion Technological Economic Cultural Black Death Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc Avignon Papacy John Wycliffe Jan Huss Estates General Holy Roman Empire Parliament PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Analyze the causes of the Hundred Years’ War and the relationship between the political, economic, and social factors in that conflict. Evaluate the dispute between Phillip IV and Pope Boniface VIII and explain how the Avignon Papacy came about. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Trace the economic and political developments as well as the literature and arts that led to the Renaissance. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: economic revival, politics and new princes, society in the Renaissance, Humanism in N. Italy, and the changes in literature and art. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Discuss the Renaissance causes. Contrast the North and Italian Renaissance. The effects of famous literary and artistic figures. List the factors that led to the Voyages of Discovery. List the causes of European exploitation. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Renaissance Humanism The Northern Renaissance Cosimo De Medici Petrarch Civic Humanism Da Vinci Charles VIII Pope Julius II Treaty of Bologna Machiavelli Ferdinand and Isabella The War of the Roses The Printing Press Erasmus Age of Exploration Aztecs and Cortez Incas and Pizarro Conquistadors Hacienda Encomienda PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Differentiate and discuss the social, economic, and political conditions that paved the way for the reformation movement. Describe the types of goods imported into Europe during the 16th century and the effect it had on the European economy and culture. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Summarize the Reformation and the development of the 16th century nation-state. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: The Lutheran Reformation, Calvinism and other movements, the Counter-Reformation, and the impact of the Jesuits. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Identify the problems in the church in the 15 century. State the goals of the Counter-Reformation. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Reformation Protestants Modern Devotion Indulgences Benefices Justification by Faith Martin Luther Charles V The Swiss Reformation Ulrich Zwingli Anabaptists John Calvin Calvinism The Diet of Augsburg The Peace of Augsburg The English Reformation Henry VIII Act of Supremacy The Counter-Reformation Ignatius of Loyola The Jesuits Council of Trent PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Compare and contrast the English Reformation and the Lutheran Reformation. Judge to what extent the Counter Reformation affected the society, politics, and culture of Europe. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Analyze 16th century nation-states and the age of religious warfare. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: nation-states in the 16th century, and warfare. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Recall the events of the St. ▪ Bartholomew’s Day ▪ Massacre. ▪ ▪ List characteristics of the ▪ politiques. ▪ ▪ Discuss the background of ▪ the Anglican Church. ▪ ▪ List causes of the Thirty ▪ Years’ War. ▪ ▪ Discuss the results of the ▪ Thirty Years’ War. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Politiques Hugenots Guises Catherine De Medici St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Henry of Navarre Edict of Nantes Phillip II Cardinal Granvelle William of Orange Mary I Elizabeth I Presbyterians Congregationalists Mary Queen of Scots The Thirty Years’ War German Principalities The Treaty of Westphalia PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ Evaluate the effects the religious wars had on the mentality and attitude of many Europeans. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Discuss the emergence of constitutional Monarchy in England in the 17th century CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the policies of Stuart England, religious and political opposition, Oliver Cromwell, the Glorious Revolution, and William and Mary. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Know the conflict between parliament and the king over taxation. List the progress of parliament’s supremacy over the monarchy. Describe the products of the Glorious Revolution. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Parliamentary Monarchy Absolutism James I Puritans Charles I The Long Parliament Ship Money Cavaliers Roundheads Book of Common Prayer Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II Glorious Revolution PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ Analyze and discuss the extent to which the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution contributed to the rise of constitutionalism in England. TOPIC: AP Standard: Summarize the Age of absolute Monarchy in France in the 17th century. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: French absolutism, Henry IV., Sully, Louis XIII., and Richelieu. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Discuss the establishment of an absolute monarchy in France. List of the religious policies of Louis XIV. Describe the wars of Louis XIV. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Absolute monarchy. Louis XIV Intendants Corvee Louis XIII Richelieu Fronde Divine Right Versailles Parliaments Mercantilism Jansenism Colbert The War of Devolution The League of Augsburg War of Spanish Succession PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Explain the concept of the divine right of kings. Summarize the positives and negatives of the reign of Louis XIV. TOPIC: AP Standard: examine the Scientific Revolution with new developments in political thought, economics, religion, and philosophy. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the emphasis on natural science, new theories and discoveries, Newton’s theory of gravity, Bacon’s empiricism. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY New theories and the emergence of the scientific world view. The philosophical foundations of modern thought. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Scientific Revolution Ptolemaic Systems Copernicus Tycho Brade Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Francis Bacon Empiricism Rene Descartes Rational Deduction Thomas Hobbes John Locke Blaise Pascal PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ “The scientific revolution was not a revolution in science, but rather was a revolution in thought.” Assess the validity of this statement using specific examples to support your answer. TOPIC: AP Standard: assess the Russian entry into the arena of European politics. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the westernizing policies of Peter the Great and the building of St. Petersburg. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The reforms of Peter the Great. Russian centralization along western lines. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ivan the Terrible The Romanov’s Peter the Great Boyars Streltsy PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ Summarize the conditions in Russia before Peter the Great and describe his goals, policies, and achievements. TOPIC: AP Standard: Evaluate the Industrial Revolution in 18th century Europe with the origin in England. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the shift from guild labor to cottage industry, the English cotton textile industry, steam power, and the availability of labor and raw materials in England. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The transformation of Europe’s economy from agriculture to industry. The social problems that stemmed from urban growth. The strains on the old regime brought about by social change. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Industrial Revolution Textiles Spinning Jenny Water Frame Steam Engine Urbanization Urban Classes Upper Classes Middle Classes Lower Classes Jewish Ghetto’s PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ Summarize the positive and negative consequences of the industrial revolution, including its affect on the lives of women and children. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: trace the development of European empires and colonial rebellion in 18th century Europe. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the global impact of imperialism and mercantilism, revolts in the Americas. CONCEPTS Europe’s mercantilist empires. Spain’s vast empire in the Americas. The wars in the 18th century in Europe and in the colonies. Independence for Britain’s North American colonies. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ VOCABULARY Mercantilism “Golden Age of Smugglers” Factories in India Black African Slavery The Plantation System The War of Jenkins Ear The Seven Years War William Pitt George III PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Explain why Europe sought colonies in the 18th century. Outline the affect of mercantilist policies in Holland, Spain, England, and France during the 18th century. TOPIC: AP Standard: summarize the enlightenment mentality in politics, economics, and social thought throughout Europe in the 18th century. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the role of the Philosophes, Voltaire’s critiques, and enlightened absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The intellectual and social background of the enlightenment. The philosophies agenda of intellectual and political reform. Central and eastern Europe’s enlightened monarchs. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ The Philosophies Voltaire Encyclopedia Deism Tolerance Adam Smith David Hume Montesquieu Rousseau Enlightened Absolutism Frederick II of Prussia Joseph II of Austria Catherine II of Russia The Partition of Poland PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Analyze and discuss the extent in which humanism had an effect on thinkers of the enlightenment. “The enlightenment presented an optimistic outlook of the future of Europe.” Assess the validity of this statement using specific examples to support your answer. TOPIC: AP Standard: discuss the causes, stages, and effects of the French Revolution. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the social and economic problems of the various classes, key figures in the political crisis, Revolution and foreign wars. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONCEPTS VOCABULARY ▪ ▪ ▪ The transformation of the ▪ Estates General and ▪ reconstruction of French ▪ ecclesiastical and ▪ political institutions. ▪ ▪ The second revolution, the ▪ end of the monarchy, and ▪ radical reform. ▪ ▪ The war between France ▪ and the rest of Europe. ▪ ▪ The establishment of the ▪ directory. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ The financial problems of the monarchy. Louis XVI Gabelle The Estates General Bourgeoisie Aristocracy Cahiers De DoLeances The Tennis Court Oath Fall of the Bastille Great Fear National Constituent Assembly Declaration of the Rights of Man Active and Passive Citizens Assignats Civil Constitution of the Clergy Emigres Sans-Culottes Mountain Girondists Jacobins Edmund Burke The Reign of Terror Committee of Public Safety Maxmilien Robespierre Levee En Masse Thermidorian Reaction The Directory PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Distinguish the different social groups in France and their concerns and goals on the eve of the French Revolution. Describe the stages of the revolution and determine the roles of the key figures throughout the revolution. TOPIC: AP Standard: relate the rise and fall of Napoleon. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The Effects of: Napoleon’s character and early career, military victories and defeats, imperial goals and domestic policies, downfall and long-lasting changes. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Napoleon’s rise and coronation as emperor and his administrative reforms. Napoleon’s conquests, creation of a French empire, and his decline. The re-establishment of a European order at the Congress of Vienna. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Napoleon Bonaparte Treaty of Campo Formio Constitution of the Year VIII Consulate Concordat Napoleonic Code Treaty of Tilsit The Continental System Liberalism Nationalism Metternich Trafalgar The Junker’s Admiral Nelson Arthur Wellesley The Hundred Days The Quadruple Alliance The Congress of Vienna The Romantic Movement PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ ▪ Summarize Napoleon’s domestic policies, including his legal, economic, and educational innovations. Critique the importance of the French Revolution and Napoleon as a whole. Analyze the long-term effects of the reforms made by Napoleon. TOPIC: AP Standard: Recognize the conservative order and the challenge of reform. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the challenges of liberalism and conservatism in Europe in the 19th century. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The challenge of ▪ nationalism and liberalism ▪ to the conservative order. ▪ ▪ The domestic and ▪ international politics of ▪ the conservative order. ▪ ▪ The revolutions of 1830 ▪ on the continent. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Conservative Liberal Nationalism Student Nationalism Carlsbad Decrees Peterloo and the Six Acts Bourbon Restoration Corn Laws Poor Laws The Charter Ultra Royalism Concert of Europe Congress System Spanish Revolution of 1820 Greek Revolution of 1821 Latin American Wars of Independence Toussaint L’Ouverture Simon Bolivar Decembrist Revolt Great Reform Bill of 1832 PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Using specific examples, contrast the ideologies of liberalism, conservatism, and nationalism during the 19th century. Analyze and discuss the political situation in Europe prior to 1848 that led to the revolution of 1848. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Discuss revolution and reaction in the mid 19th century. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the Congress of Vienna, the motives of Metternich, 1848: the year of revolutions. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Industrialism’s effect on the organization of labor and the family. Early developments in European socialism. The Revolutions of 1848. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Urban Artisans Proletariat British Chartism Confection English Factory Act of 1833 Bobbies Classical Economics Malthus Ricardo Zollverein Utopian Socialists Anarchism Marxism Karl Marx Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto Louis Napoleon The Second Republic The Magyar Revolt The Frankfurt Parliament PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Analyze the extent to which industrialization affected the culture of 19th century Europe and its impact on politics. Summarize the most important economic developments in Europe during the 19th century. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Interpret the age of nation-state building in Germany and Italy. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour, the unification of Italy, Bismarck’s domestic and foreign policies. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The unification of Italy and Germany. The shift from empire to republic in France. The emergence of Dual Monarchy in Austria-Hungary. The emergence of Great Britain as the exemplary liberal state. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ The Crimean War Otto Von Bismarck Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Garibaldi Camillo Cavour Victor Emmanuel II Transformisio The Danish War The Avstro-Prussian War The North German Confederation Bundesrat Reichstag Franco-Prussian War Napoleon III The Paris Commune The Third Republic Alfred Dreyfus Francis Joseph William Gladstone Benjamin Disraeli The Irish Question PERFORMANCE SKILL: ▪ Compare and contrast the unification of both Italy and Germany; include a treatment of the motives and methods of the driving forces behind each of the unifications. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Describe the advancement of Europe with respect to labor, socialism, and politics to WW I. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the structure of the family and labor force in industrial society, new problems of crime and order, the new classical economists, and early socialism. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The development of labor politics in Europe. The development of socialism in Europe. Industrialization and political unrest in Russia. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Trade unionism. First International Fabianism David Lloyd George Opportunism Social Democrats the Erfurt Program Revisionism Sergei Witte Bolshevism Kulaks Vladimir Lenin Mensheviks Bloody Sunday Zemstvos Duma Nicholas II PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Explain the extent to which Marx’s theories were valid in light of the Industrial Revolution. Trace the history of the two revolutions in Russia during the 20th century. Discuss both the causes and effects of the revolutions. TOPIC: AP Standard: recognize the building of European supremacy in the late 19th century. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the second revolution in industry, the scramble for territory in Europe and Asia, The causes and consequences of WW I, and the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Factors behind Europe’s new imperialism in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The causes and results of World War I. The causes and results of the Russian Revolution. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Vittorio Orlando Imperialism Open Door Policy Scramble for Africa Ottoman Empire Balkans Congress of Berlin Triple Alliance Triple Entente William II Young Turks Georges Clemenceau John Keynes Bosnian Crisis Second and First Moroccan Crises Mobilization Schieffen Plan Stalemate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk David Lloyd George Vladimir Lenin Soviets Kerensky PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Estimate the impact of European imperialism as a cause of World War I. Assess the settlement of Versailles. What were its benefits to Europe? What were its drawbacks and could it have secured a lasting peace? TOPIC: AP Standard: Differentiate European political developments in the 1920’s. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: overproduction and economic dislocations, totalitarianism and dictatorships, the struggle for power in Russia following the death of Lenin, policies and major figures of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The development of authoritarian governments. The Soviet Union’s far reaching political and social experiment. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ NEP Third International War Communism Left Wing Right Wing Joseph Stalin Comintern Fascism Mussolini Victor Emmanuel III Chamber of Deputies Labor Party Conservative Party Successor States Weimar Republic Inflation Adolf Hitler Nazi’s Twenty-Five Points Beer Hall Putsch Locarno Agreement PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Dissect Stalin’s policies and the groups of people he attempted to eliminate. Describe the causes and effects of the Great Depression and the various government strategies for coping with it, including the rise of Fascism and Nazism. TOPIC: AP Standard: analyze Europe and the Great Depression in the period between the wars. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the problems of agricultural commodities, economic problems facing the democracies, nationalistic reactions to the Depression. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY Financial collapse and depression in Europe. The Emergence of the national government in Great Britain. The Nazi seizure of power. Planned industrialism and collectivization in Soviet Russia under Stalin. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Wall Street Crash of 1929 Agricultural Commodities Protective Tariffs The British National Government The Popular Front Leon Blum Civil Liberties SA Josef Goebbels Police State Anti-Semitism Nuremburg Laws Kristallnacht Aryans Hermann Goring Syndicates Corporations Lenin’s NEP Collectivization Kulaks Five-Year Plan The Purges PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Compare and contrast the regimes of Mussolini and Hitler. Explain the rise of the popular front in France. TOPIC: AP Standard: the causes and effects of World War II. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the impact of the Great Depression, new European ideological factors, the Spanish Civil War, the war in Asia and Europe, the Nazi Holocaust revealed, the aftermath of the war. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The causes of World War II The impact of the war on the people of Europe. The results of the war. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Treaty of Versailles Lebensraun Rearmament Collective Security Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Spanish Civil War Anschluss Neville Chamberlain Munich Pact Nazi-Soviet Pact Blitzkreig Phony War Winston Churchill Battle of Britain Allied Landings Battle of Stalingrad D-Day Battle of the Bulge Island Hopping Collaboration Atlantic Charter Tehran Yalta Potsdam PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ ▪ Prioritize the steps taken by Hitler in the late 1930’s that led to the eruption of war in Europe. Discuss the two periods in which the war can be divided and the theme of each period. Evaluate the most important consequences of the war. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study TOPIC: AP Standard: Interpret the Soviet-American rivalry. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: conflict between the two superpowers, political and economic policies of both the Soviets and Americans throughout the Cold War, the overall costs of the Cold War, colonial liberation of colonies under the West and the USSR. CONCEPTS VOCABULARY The origins of the Cold War and the divisions of Europe. De-colonization and the conflicts of Korea and Vietnam. The Middle East and the Cold War. Political and economic developments in Europe during the Cold War. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Iron Curtain Cold War USSR United Nations Containment The Truman Doctrine Warsaw Pact NATO Berlin Blockade Division of Germany Balfour Declaration Arab-Israeli Conflict Douglas MacArthur Korean War PERFORMANCE SKILLS: ▪ ▪ Elaborate on the measures taken by the United States and its allies in response to Soviet expansionism post World War II. Trace the history of the Cold War from its beginnings to its “thaw.” TOPIC: AP Standard: Summarize revolution, rebuilding, and new challenges 1985-present. CONTENT STATEMENT: The effects of: the Arab revolution, the revolutions of 1989, the decline of Eastern Europe, and the building of a new Europe. AP European History 2010-2011 Social Studies Course of Study CONCEPTS Twentieth-Century movement of peoples The Welfare State Work expectations for women Transformations in religion, knowledge and culture The arrival of the computer The rise of radical Islam VOCABULARY Radical Islam Jacques Chirac “Guest Workers” Simon de Beauvoir Albert Camus Jean-Paul Sartre Communism Existentialism Americanization Environmentalism Green Movement Neo-Orthodoxy PERFORMANCE SKILLS: Discuss the social, political, and economic changes for women and Europe- in general- in the latter half of the 20th century. Trace the major technological steps of the latter 20th century. Analyze the rise of radical political Islamism.
