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Essential Question: What impact has Ancient Greece had on World History? Bronze Age Greece Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) Knossos: Minoan Civilization • The Minoans developed writing, used copper and bronze • Shipbuilders • Civilization collapsed around 1400 BCE The Mycenaean Civilization Thrived from 1400-1200 BCE Were overtaken by the Dorians – Dark Age for Greece The Geography of Greece Geography shapes Greek life • Greek civilization formed around the Aegean, Ionian and Black Seas which were used for transportation • Trade was important due to lack of natural resources and little fertile land • Trade led to cultural adoption such as the alphabet • Mountain terrain forced Greek communities to develop citystates (polis) each with its own government SPARTA Sparta • Military state based on obedience and self-discipline • Government was an Oligarchy – ruled by a small group of elites • Conquered neighbors forcing them to be Helots (slaves) ATHENS: Yesterday & Today Athens • Government - Direct Democracy • Every freeman could vote (No women or slaves) • Citizen Assembly • City of Intellect Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE Persian Wars: Famous Battles • Marathon (490 BCE) • 26 miles from Athens • Thermopylae (480 BCE) • 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass • Salamis (480 BCE) • Athenian navy victorious Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE Pericles leader of Athens Athena goddess and protector of Athens Great Athenian Philosophers • Socrates • Socratic dialogue - question everything • Plato • The Republic philosopher-king • Aristotle • Logic • Scientific method Homer: The “Heroic Age” Athens: The Arts & Sciences • Greek contributions: • Drama - Comedies & Tragedies • The Sciences: • Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem • Archimedes – Geometry, pulleys and levers • Eratosthenes-Calculated the Earth’s circumference and declared it round Art and Architecture The Parthenon Located on the Acropolis Classical Greek Art “Idealistic” Aphrodite Sophocles Olympia The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers The Role of Women in Greece • Athenian women were considered inferior and subject to their husbands will - could own clothes and slaves, but no land • Spartan women had more freedom many were educated and received physical training Peloponnesian Wars • Fought between Athens and Sparta • Sparta wins, but Greek citystates were weakened • Allowing for conquest from the North (Phillip of Macedonia)