Download Imagina: Leccion 3

Imagina: Leccion 3
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Vocabulario, Gramatica: subjuntivo,
mandatos, pronombres
LOS MEDIOS
el acontecimiento
el/la oyente
la actualidad
el anuncio
la censura
Internet
los medios de comunicación
la parcialidad
la publicidad
el radio
la radioemisora
el reportaje
el sitio web
la temporada
enterarse (de)
navegar la red
opinar
ser parcial
tener buena/mala fama
actualizado/a
destacado/a
en directo/vivo
imparcial
influyente
GENTE EN LOS MEDIOS
el/la actor/actriz
el/la cantante
el/la crítico/a de cine
el/la directora(a)
la estrella (de cine)
el/la fotógrafo/a
el/la locutor(a) de radio
el/la periodista
el público
el/la redactor(a)
el/la reportero/a
el/la televidente
EL CINE Y LA TELEVISIÓN
la banda sonora
la cadena
el documental
los efectos especiales
la emisión
el estreno
la pantalla
la película
los subtítulos
la telenovela
la televisión
el video musical
entretener
entrevistar
filmar/rodar
grabar
trasmitir
LA PRENSA
la crónica deportiva
la crónica de sociedad
el horóscopo
la libertad de prensa
las noticias locales/
internacionales/nacionales
el periódico/el diario
la portada
la prensa (sensacionalista)
CULTURA
la revista
el bajo
la tira cómica
el crecimiento
el titular
el estilo
investigar
el éxito
publicar
la fama
la flauta
CORTOMETRAJE
el género
el alma
la guitarra
el ángel
la letra
el arma
la pista de baile
el Diablo
el ritmo
el disparo
el sintetizador
la encrucijada
el tambor
la fantasía
la trompeta
el fenómeno
el violonchelo
el pasamontañas
desarrollar
los rasgos
golpear
el robo
salir a la venta
la sangre
tocar
el ser humano
controvertido/a
el suceso
adivinar
LITERATURA
arrepentirse
el canal
castigar
la imagen
cometer (un crimen)
el programa
convocar
el televisor
engañar
colocar
firmar
señalar
robar
hondo/a
apenas
redondo/a
por primera/última vez
The Past Subjunctive--Formation
First of all, let's remember how we formed the present subjunctive: basically, we
started with the first person singular of the present (hablo, como, vivo, digo,
conozco), took off the 'o', and then added the 'opposite endings'.
Now with the past subjunctive, we're going to go through a similar process, but now,
instead of beginning with the first person singular of the present, we use the third
person plural of the preterite (simple past). So now our starting point will be, for
example: hablaron, comieron, vivieron, dijeron, conocieron.
But this time we are going to remove -ron, so we end up with the following stems:
habla-, comie-, vivie-, dije-, conocie-).
Up to this point in Spanish we've only had to learn one set of verb endings; now
there are two sets! And the funny thing is that there is no difference in meaning
between one and the other! But let's also look on the positive side of things: they are
the same endings whether we are dealing with -ar, -er, or -ir verbs. Here they are:
-ra
-ras
-ra
-ramos
-rais
-ran
The following is a seldom-used form of this tense that is used
primarily in literature. It is rarely heard in speech. It is
conjugated as above, except the -ra becomes -se. It normally is
not necessary to memorize this form, but you should be able to
recognize it when you see it.
-se
-ses
-se
-semos
-seis
-sen
So the verbs cited above will look like this:
hablar
hablara
hablaras
hablara
habláramos
hablarais
hablaran
hablase
hablases
hablase
hablásemos
hablaseis
hablasen
comer
comiera
comieras
comiera
comiéramos
comierais
comieran
comiese
comieses
comiese
comiésemos
comieseis
comiesen
vivir
viviera
vivieras
viviera
viviéramos
vivierais
vivieran
viviese
vivieses
viviese
viviésemos
vivieseis
viviesen
decir
dijera
dijeras
dijera
dijéramos
dijerais
dijeran
dijese
dijeses
dijese
dijésemos
dijeseis
dijesen
conocer
conociera conociéramos
conocieras conocierais
conociera conocieran
conociese conociésemos
conocieses conocieseis
conociese conociesen
The imperfect tense of the subjunctive mood is used to express the same subjectivity
as the present subjunctive, but in the past.
The imperfect subjunctive has three main uses:
1. Express subjectivity in the past after the same verbs, impersonal expressions,
and conjunctions as the present subjunctive (all those WEIRDOS). For the
imperfect subjunctive to be needed, the verb in the main clause has to be in one
of the following tenses/moods: preterite, imperfect, conditional, or pluperfect
(aka past perfect, había +ado, ido).
Quería que lo hicieras.
I wanted you to do it.
Fue una lástima que no pudiera venir.
It was too bad that he couldn't come.
Yo iría al banco para que tuviéramos
dinero.
I would go to the bank so that we'd
have money.
2. Make a very polite request or suggestion (only with the verbs deber, poder, and
querer).
Quisiera dos libros, por favor.
I'd like two books, please.
¿Pudiera Ud. ayudarnos?
Could you (possibly) help us?
3. In conditional sentences (si clauses/ contrary to fact clauses) and with the
conjunction como si.
Si tuviera dinero, iría contigo.
If I had money, I would go with you.
Me escucha como si fuera su profesor.
He listens to me as if I were his teacher.
Use imperfect subjunctive (past subjunctive) in the same situations as present
subjunctive, but when referring to past events:
Quiero que juegen esta tarde. -- I want now, thus present subjunctive.
Quería que jugaran por la tarde. -- I wanted, thus past subjunctive.
This is like correspondence of tenses in English -- after a past tense (either Preterit or
Imperfect) in an independent clause, one should use a imperfect (past) subjunctive.
Also when discussing situations in the present or future that are contrary to the fact
or very unlikely.
Si lloviera, no saldría.
Here are the 4 main cases of subjunctive:
Present
hable
Emotions today and tomorrow about
Subjunctive
something being done today or tomorrow. (I
hope he speaks.)
Imperfect
hablara/hablase
Emotions yesterday about something done
Subjunctive
before yesterday; (I was hoping he spoke.)
Conditional sentences referring to something
unreal today or tomorrow. (“If” clause
sentences) (If I were you, I would say
nothing.)
Present Perfect
haya comido
Emotions today and tomorrow about
Subjunctive
something done yesterday. (I hope he ate
yesterday.)
Pluperfect
hubiera/hubiese
Conditional sentences referring to something
Subjunctive
comido
unreal yesterday. (If he had been here, he
would have eaten.)
Note that emotion is expressed by one person, while action is being done by another:
Ella teme que el gobierno no haga nada. -- two subjects, thus subjunctive
She fears that the government doesn’t do anything.
Ella teme no hacer nada. -- one subject: no subjunctive.
She’s afraid of not doing anything.
3 types of hypothesizing. Structures in Spanish are very similar to those in English:
1. Hypothetical situations in the future and the present:
the present indicative
Si + present indicative
a future tense
command
no salgo
saldré/voy a salir/estaré
Si llueve,
saliendo
no salgas!
I don't go out
If it rains (it may or may
will not go out/am not going
not),
out
don't go out!
2. Hypothetical situations in the future and the present that are contrary to fact or
very unlikely:
Si + imperfect subjunctive
conditional
Si lloviera,
no saldría.
If it rained (it does not),
I would not go out.
3. Hypothetical situations in the past that are contrary to fact:
Si + pluperfect subjunctive conditional perfect
Si hubiera llovido,
no habría salido.
If it had rained (it did not), I would not have gone out.