Download STUDY GUIDE - 4.2 Evolutionary Evidence

Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Period: _________
4.2 Evolutionary Evidence Biology Summative REVIEW – Additional Practice Questions
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which of the following is the explanation of why bird wings and reptile forelegs are
evidence of evolution?
a. Similar functions point to a common ancestor.
b. Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor.
c. Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor.
d. Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor.
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2. The Australian flying phalanger is a marsupial flying squirrel. Its appearance, behavior,
environment and diet closely resemble those of the American flying squirrel, a placental
mammal. This resemblance is most likely due to
a. adaptive radiation.
c. coevolution.
b. convergent evolution.
d. gradualism.
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3. Which of these is evidence for the endosymbiont theory?
a. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot live on their own outside a cell.
b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA.
c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a membrane.
d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts both transform energy from one form to
another.
Figure 16–1
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4. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the
pelvis and femur shown in Figure 16–1 are
a. examples of fossils.
c. acquired traits.
b. vestigial structures.
d. examples of natural variation.
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Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Period: _________
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5. Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may
suggest that primitive vertebrates
a. share a common ancestor with sea stars.
b. evolved from sea stars.
c. evolved before sea stars.
d. belong to the same species as sea stars.
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6. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
a. the nearly universal genetic code.
b. the presence of vestigial structures.
c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.
d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.
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7. Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are
responsible for the formation of
a. homologous structures.
b. analogous structures.
c. Hox genes.
d. intermediate fossil forms.
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Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Period: _________
Figure 14-1
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8. According to Figure 14-1, what was the earliest form of multicellular life on Earth?
a. fish
c. land plants
b. invertebrates
d. reptiles
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9. According to Figure 14-1, the correct chronological order of organisms as they developed
are _____.
a. birds, dinosaurs, jawed fish, prokaryotes
b. dinosaurs, jawed fish, birds, prokaryotes
c. jawed fish, dinosaurs, prokaryotes, birds
d. prokaryotes, jawed fish, dinosaurs, birds
Short Answer
10. What are the FIVE types of evidence used to support the evolutionary theory?
1.____________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________
11. When fossils of similar organisms appear in different layers in the same biogeographic
region, this information can suggest the newly evolved organism in the
_________________ (lower/higher) layer evolved from the older organism in the
___________________ (lower/higher) layer. This can suggest ____________
______________.
12. Changes in the fossil record of a species are due to ____________ ____________
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Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Period: _________
13. What provides the strongest evidence that all living organisms evolved from a common
ancestor? What do all living organisms have in common?
14. Homologous structures among organisms suggest that the organisms evolved from a
_________________ ancestor. Homologous structures have _____________ structures
but may have ____________ functions.
15. Organisms that are _____________ (closer/farther) in geographic location are more likley
to be related. Name some natural geographical barriers that could separate geographic
locations.
16.
Samples 1, 2, and 3 respresent three different species. Analyze the chart above.
Compare the number of nucleotides in each sample.
Sample ______ and Sample _______ share a more recent ancestor than Sample
_______.
17. How does evolutionary stasis support the evolutionary theory?
18. Give one example of homologous structures.
19. Give one example of analogous structures.
20. The more similarities that exist among a set of embryos indicate the embryos share a
____________ ____________.
VOCABULARY TO REVIEW
21. common ancestry, fossil record, biogeography, homology, anatomical homology,
molecular homology, developmental homology, genome map, DNA sequence, offspring,
species, native, ancestor, descended, sequential, stasis, sudden appearance, punctuated
equilibrium, gradualism, relative dating, radiometric dating, origin, endosymbiont theory,
eukaryotic, prokaryotic, natural selection, evolutionary tree, homologous structures,
analogous structures, vestigial structures
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Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Period: _________
Science Skills
Geologic Time Scale
Era
Cenozoic
Period
End Date
(in millions of years ago)
Quaternary
Neogene
present
1.8
Paleogene
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
23
Cretaceous
65.5
Jurassic
146
Triassic
200
Permian
251
Carboniferous
299
Devonian
359
Silurian
416
Ordovician
444
Cambrian
448
Figure 19–4
22. Interpret Tables How many geologic periods are shown in Figure 19–4, and which one is
the earliest?
23. Interpret Tables The end of the Mesozoic Era marks the extinction of dinosaurs. Based
on Figure 19–4, how long ago did the dinosaurs become extinct?
24. Interpret Tables The first marsupials, a group that includes the modern kangaroo,
evolved about 100 million years ago. According to Figure 19–4, during which geologic
period did marsupials evolve?
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