Download Name: Period:_____ Date

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33. The sudden release of stored up energy that occurs when two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly slip
and slide past each other along a crack in the earth’s crust is called a(n) EARTHQUAKE. P. 91, Geology Intro
Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
34. The field of geology which is involved with the study of earthquakes is called SEISMOLOGY.
Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
35. About ONE __ million earthquakes occur each year throughout the world and about ____1__ to ___20____
occur which are considered to be major earthquakes causing significant damage and destruction.
Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
36. The fracture or crack in the earth’s crust along which two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly break
and slide past each other releasing enormous amounts of stored up energy as an earthquake is called a(n) FAULT
LINE. P. 91, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our
Raging Planet
37. The three major types of fault lines along which two plates or blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly break and
slide past each other releasing enormous amounts of stored up energy to produce an earthquake are:
P.P. 104 – 105, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
A. NORMAL fault
B. REVERSE fault
C. STRIKE – SLIP fault
38. The plate or block of rock which sits above or over the fault line is called the HANGING wall and the plate
or block of rock which lies under or below the fault line is called the FOOT wall. P. 104, Geology Intro Game
39. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) NORMAL fault, the hanging wall moves or slips downward along a
divergent plate boundary while the foot wall moves or slips upward. (Example: Rio Grande River Valley in New
Mexico) P. 104, Geology Intro Game
40. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) REVERSE fault, the hanging wall moves or slips upward along a
subduction zone or a convergent plate boundary while the footwall moves or slips downward. (Example: Rocky
Mountains) P. 105, Geology Intro Game
41. A reverse fault is sometimes called a(n) THRUST fault.
42. In an earthquake that occurs along a(n) STIKE – SLIP fault the rocks on either side of the fault line move or
slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions along a(n) transform plate boundary. (Example: San
Andreas Fault Line) P. 105, Geology Intro Game
43. The three major classifications of earthquakes are VOLCANIC earthquakes, TECTONIC earthquakes and
INTERPLATE earthquakes. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
44. A(n) VOLCANIC earthquake is a type of earthquake which is usually weak and occurs during a volcanic
eruption when molten rock (magma) beneath a volcano moves fracturing surrounding rock layers. (Example: Mt.
St. Helens) Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
Page 6
45. A(n) TECTONIC earthquake is a type of earthquake that can be very powerful and destructive and it usually
occurs when rock layers in the earth’s lithosphere suddenly fracture and move along a fault line releasing
enormous amounts of stored up energy. (Example: San Andreas Fault)
Geology Intro Game, Video:
Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
46. A(n) INTERPLATE earthquake is a type of earthquake that can be very powerful and destructive and it
usually occurs when rock layers in the earth’s lithosphere suddenly fracture and move along a fault line that is not
near a volcano or tectonic plate boundary. (Example: New Madrid Fault)
47. About 95% of the world’s strongest earthquakes occur along TECTONIC plate boundaries. Video:
Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
48. A(n) SEISMIC belt is a region of the earth’s crust where earthquakes commonly occur. Geology Intro
Game, Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
49. The three major seismic belts where most of the world’s major earthquakes occur at are: Geology Intro Game,
Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
A. ALPIDE seismic belt
B. MID ATLANTIC seismic belt
C. CIRCUMPACIFIC seismic belt
50. The point in the earth’s interior where an earthquake originates or starts is called the FOCUS of the
earthquake. P. 112, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
51. The point on the earth’s surface directly above the point in the earth’s interior where an earthquake originates
or starts is called the EPICENTER of the earthquake. P. 112, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our
Restless Planet
52. The energy waves produced by an earthquake are called a(n) SEISMIC wave. P. 112-113, Geology Intro
Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
53. The three types of seismic waves produced by an earthquake are: P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video:
Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
A. PRIMARY wave ( P wave)
B. SECONDARY wave ( S wave)
C. LONG wave ( L wave)
54. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake which travels toward the interior of the earth at the fastest
rate of speed causing the earth’s crust to push or slide forward and then pull or slide backward is
called a(n) PRIMARY ( P ) seismic wave. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless
Planet
55. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake which travels at the second fastest rate of speed
toward the interior of the earth causing the earth’s crust to move or slide in a side to side or shearing motion is
called a(n) SECONDARY ( S ) seismic wave. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless
Planet
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56. SECONDARY ( S )seismic waves are not capable of passing through a liquid.
Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
P. 113, Geology Intro
57. A type of seismic wave produced by an earthquake that travels at the slowest rate of speed along the surface of
the earth’s crust in an up and down motion similar to an ocean wave is called a(n) LONG ( L) seismic wave. P.
113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
58. PRIMARY ( P ) and SECONDARY ( S ) seismic waves are classified as being body waves since they travel
into the interior of the earth toward the earth’s inner core. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our
Restless Planet
59. A(n) LONG ( L ) seismic wave is classified as being a surface wave since it travels along the surface of the
earth. P. 113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
60. LONG ( L ) seismic waves are considered by most seismologists to be the most destructive seismic waves.
Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
61. A(n) SEISMOGRAPH or SEISMOMETER is an instrument that records and measures an earthquake’s
seismic waves and the amount of ground motion they cause. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes:
Our Restless Planet
62. The RICHTER Scale measures the size of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake and the amount of
ground motion they cause. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video:
Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
63. The Richter Scale ranges in value from 0 to 10 . P. 114-115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes:
Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
64. The smallest value on the Richter scale which a human can detect if they were standing at the epicenter of the
earthquake is a(n) 2 . Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our
Raging Planet
65. Any earthquake which has a value of 6 or greater on the Richter scale is considered to be a major earthquake.
P. 115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
66. There has never been an earthquake of 10 on the Richter Scale. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes:
Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
67. Every time you go up by 1 on the Richter Scale the amount of ground motion or movement produced by an
earthquake increases 10 times. Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video:
Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
68. An earthquake which has a value of 7 on the Richter Scale produces 10 times more ground motion or
movement than an earthquake that has a value of 6 and an earthquake which has a value of 8 Richter Scale
produces 100 times more ground motion or movement than an earthquake that has a value of 6.
P. 115, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
Page 8
69. A measurement of the amount of energy released by an earthquake is called the earthquakes MAGNITUDE.
P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
70. The MOMENT MAGNITUDE Scale measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. P. 113114, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
71. Every time you go up by 1 on the Moment Magnitude Scale the amount of energy released by an earthquake
increases about 32 times. P. 115, Geology Intro Game
72. The MODIFIED MERCALLI Scale is used by seismologists to describe or measure the severity of an
earthquake based on the amount of damage and destruction that it causes. P. 114, Geology Intro Game, Video:
Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
73. The Modified Mercalli Scale ranges in value from the Roman numeral I to the Roman numeral XII
113, Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
P.
74. An earthquake with a value of I on the Modified Mercalli Scale would produce the least amount of damage
and destruction while an earthquake of XII would produce the greatest amount of damage and destruction. P. 114
75. You can have two different earthquakes which both have a value of 6 on the Richter Scale but one of the
earthquakes could have a value on the Modified Mercalli Scale that is GREATER than the other earthquake.
Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet
76. Some factors which affect the amount of damage and destruction caused by an earthquake are:
Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
Geology
A. The CONSTRUCTION of the buildings in the area where the earthquake occurred.
B. The type of ROCK and SOIL that the seismic waves produced by an
earthquake travel through.
C. The DEPTH of the focal point inside the earth.
D. How CLOSE you are to the epicenter of the earthquake.
77. An earthquake which occurs in the earth’s crust beneath the oceans is called a(n) SUBMARINE earthquake
Geology Intro Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet
78. If the crust of the earth beneath the ocean is lifted upward by a thrust (reverse fault) earthquake it may produce
a giant sea wave called a(n) TSUNAMI which may be as high as 30 – 40 meters (90 – 120 feet). Geology Intro
Game, Video: Earthquakes: Our Restless Planet, Video: Earthquakes: Our Raging Planet