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GENOCIDE NAME:______________________________ DATE:_______________________________ PERIOD:_____________________________ 1 Standard: RH.11-12.2-Determine central ideas and formulate accurate summaries of key ideas and details Big Idea: Social Justice Essential Question: To what extent are nations responsible for other nation’s people? Objective: I can read and view various sources for information so that I can recognize injustice and determine the best course of action for society. Genocide Pre-Test Directions: Please answer each question. 1. What is your definition of genocide? 2. How and why does genocide happen? 3. What are some examples of genocide in history? 4. Why is it important to learn about genocide? 5. Why do nations ignore genocides? 6. Why do genocides still occur today? 2 What is Genocide? In 1944, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin developed the word “genocide.” He formed the word “genocide” by combining the Greek prefix geno- meaning race or tribe and the Latin suffix –cide meaning killing. Lemkin developed the word because he witnessed the Nazi destruction and mass murder of the European Jews. He used the word in his book, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. On December 9, 1948, the United Nations determined that “genocide” was an international crime. Members of the United Nations made this determination because of the events of the Holocaust and the research that Lemkin did. In 1948, the United Nations also defined genocide: Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: o Killing members of the group o Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group o Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part o Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group o Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group The United Nations also determined that nations should prevent genocides from occurring and nations should be punished if genocides occur. 3 Examples of Genocide Directions: Using your device, do a quick research on each of the following genocides. Write the information you learned on your graphic organizer below. Genocide of the Native Americans The Armenian Genocide Who was involved in the genocide? Where did the genocide take place? When was this genocide? What occurred during this genocide? Why did this genocide happen? Write unknown in the box if you are unsure! One question I still have about this genocide… 4 The Ukrainian Genocide/The Great Famine The Holocaust The Killing Fields: The Cambodian Genocide Who was involved in the genocide? Where did the genocide take place? When was this genocide? What occurred during this genocide? Why did this genocide happen? Write unknown in the box if you are unsure! One question I still have about this genocide… 5 Genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Herero Genocide The Rwandan Genocide Who was involved in the genocide? Where did the genocide take place? When was this genocide? What occurred during this genocide? Why did this genocide happen? Write unknown in the box if you are unsure! One question I still have about this genocide… 6 The Genocide in Darfur What is Genocide? Class Assignment Directions: Choose a genocide you researched and learned about in class. Use a reliable database and websites for your research. In the space below: a) Write a summary of the article you read. b) Explain how this genocide fits under the United Nation’s definition (page 3). __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Eight Stages of Genocide Directions: Please answer the “Do Now” in complete sentences. Do Now: With modern technology, people from all over the globe can access world events. Even with this advanced technology and information at our fingertips, why do countries continue to allow genocides to occur? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 The eight stages of genocide are steps that genocide goes through. At each stage, preventive measures can stop the genocide from occurring. Gregory Stanton, who had studied the genocide in Cambodia for the American State Department, noticed this when he saw the genocide in Rwanda unfold in the same way. In 1996, Stanton published his findings. Stage of Genocide Description of Stage Prevention Classification Different cultures put people into groups. Groups are based on the color of skin, religious beliefs, how much money they have, or the types of government they believe in. Forming groups that can help people understand what they have in common. Symbolization Giving names to groups or citizens. Just because cultures have symbols doesn’t mean they are bad. It is only bad if it leads to the next stage. Speak up! Tell people it is not okay to be using hate symbols or talking in a bad way about a culture. Stage of Genocide Description of Stage Prevention Dehumanization When other people don’t say that the group is human. They compare them to animals and diseases. They use hate words to talk about the group. Punish people who do hate crimes and tell people it is not okay to speak negatively about another culture. Organization State or group plans that are made to kill people. These groups always make a plan. Not allowing foreign aid or weapons into the country. Polarization This means to divide. They divide the groups by law, marriage, and propaganda. They silence anyone who does not agree with them. Protecting the people who don’t agree with what the people who are doing the genocide are doing. Also, not letting those people who are trying to divide take power. Identification Victims are identified and taken away from others. Death lists are written. Victims are then placed in ghettos, concentration camps or other specific places. A Genocide Alert must be called and aid from other countries must be provided. Armed international help needs to come in. Extermination Mass killings occur which makes for a lot of fear and violence. Armed international help must be given and safe places for victims should be provided. Denial People that did the killings try to cover it up and scare people into not talking about it. They say that those people deserved it and don’t admit they did anything wrong. They don’t allow people to ask questions and they don’t stop unless they are forced to. Help people who have been hurt by genocide and bring justice to those who have caused it. 8 Directions: Working in your small groups, please read a description of each stage of genocide. Under each description, please create your own definition of the stage and draw a picture of the stage for your future reference. Any unfinished work should be completed for homework! STAGE 1: CLASSIFICATION All cultures have categories to distinguish people into "us and them" by ethnicity, race, religion or nationality. Bipolar societies that lack mixed categories, such as Rwanda and Burundi, are most likely to experience genocide. The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universal institutions that can transcend ethnic or racial divisions that actively promote tolerance and understanding. MY DEFINTION PICTURE STAGE 2: SYMBOLIZATION Names or other symbols are given to the classifications. People are named "Jews" or "Gypsies," or they are distinguished by colors or dress. When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of different groups. For example, the yellow star was used for Jews under Nazi rule. Hate symbols can be legally forbidden to combat symbolization. This approach will fail if it is not supported by the people. If widely supported, denial of symbolization can be powerful. For example, in Denmark, many Danes chose to wear the yellow star, depriving it of its significance as a Nazi symbol. MY DEFINTION PICTURE 9 STAGE 3: DEHUMANIZATION One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are compared with animals, insects or diseases. At this stage, hate propaganda in print and on radios is used to belittle the victim group. Hate radio stations should be shut down and hate propaganda should be banned. Hate crimes should also be promptly punished. MY DEFINITION PICTURE STAGE 4: ORGANIZATION Genocide is always organized, usually by the state and sometimes by terrorist groups. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings. To combat this stage, membership in these militias should be outlawed and their leaders should be denied visas for foreign travel. MY DEFINTION PICTURE 10 STAGE 5: POLARIZATION Extremists drive the groups apart. Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda. Laws may be created to forbid intermarriage or social interaction. Prevention may mean security protection for moderate leaders or aid to human rights groups. MY DEFINTION PICTURE STAGE 6: IDENTIFICATION Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identification symbols. They are often forced into ghettos, concentration camps or confined to a famine-struck region and starved. This is the stage where killing becomes inevitable. MY DEFINITION PICTURE 11 STAGE 7: EXTERMINATION Mass killing, legally called "genocide," begins. It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human. When sponsored by the state, the armed forces may work with militias to do the killings. Sometimes the genocide results in revenge killings by groups against each other. At this stage, only rapid and overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide. For example, safe areas or refugee escape plans should be established with heavily armed international protection in order to prevent the extermination. MY DEFINITION PICTURE STAGE 8: DENIAL Denial is the eighth stage that always follows genocide. Perpetrators of genocide dig up mass graves, burn bodies, try to cover up evidence and intimidate witnesses. They deny crimes were committed and often blame what happened on the victims. Perpetrators block investigations and flee into other countries. They remain in hiding unless they are captured and tried. The best response to denial is punishment by international or national courts. The evidence can be heard and the perpetrators may be punished by these courts. MY DEFINTION PICTURE 12