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POETRY
___________________- a type of literature that expresses ideas,
feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)
POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY
The _________________ is the author of the poem.
The _________________ of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.
POETRY FORM
__________________- the appearance of the words on the page
__________________- a group of words together on one line of the poem
__________________- a group of lines arranged together

A word is dead
I say it just
When it is said,
Begins to live
Some say.
That day.
KINDS OF STANZAS
_____________ =
_____________ =
_____________ =
_____________ =
a two line stanza
a three line stanza
a four line stanza
a five line stanza
SOUND EFFECTS
RHYTHM- the __________ created by the sounds of the words in a poem
_________________ can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and
refrain.
METER
A _________________of stressed and unstressed syllables.
__________________ occurs when the stressed and unstressed
_______________of the words in a poem are arranged in a ___________
pattern.
When poets write in meter, they count out the number of
________________ (strong) syllables and __________________ (weak)
syllables for each line.
The poet then ___________________the pattern throughout the poem.
FOOT
_______________ - unit of meter.
A foot can have _____________ or ______________syllables.
Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.
TYPES OF FEET
The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables.
_____________ _ - unstressed, stressed
______________ - stressed, unstressed
KINDS OF METRICAL LINES
___________________
___________________
___________________
=
=
=
one foot on a line
two feet on a line
three feet on a line
RHYME
__________ sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and
consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.)

LAMP
Share the short “a” ________ sound
STAMP
Share the combined “mp” _____________ sound

END RHYME
A ____________ at the end of one line _____________ with a word at
the _________ of another line
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.
INTERNAL RHYME
A word _________ a line rhymes with another word on the _________ line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
From
“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
NEAR RHYME
a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme
The words share ___________________ the same vowel or consonant
sound BUT NOT _____________.
ROSE
LOSE
Different ___________ sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)
Share the same _____________ sound
RHYME SCHEME
A ______________ _______________is a pattern of rhyme (usually end
rhyme, but not always).
Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually
“see” the pattern.
SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME
“The Germ” by Ogden Nash
A mighty creature is the germ,
Though smaller than the pachyderm.
His customary dwelling place
Is deep within the human race.
His childish pride he often pleases
By giving people strange diseases.
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?
You probably contain a germ.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
ONOMATOPOEIA
Words that ______________the _________________ they are naming

BUZZ
OR sounds that imitate another sound


“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of
each purple curtain . . .”
ALLITERATION
Consonant sounds repeated at the ________________ of words
 If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled
peppers did Peter Piper pick?
CONSONANCE
Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .
The repeated consonant sounds can be _______________ in the words

“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “
ASSONANCE
Repeated ______________ sounds in a line or lines of poetry. (Often
creates near rhyme.)
________
________
_________
_________
(All share the long “a” sound.)
Examples of ASSONANCE:
“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”
-John Masefield
“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”
- William Shakespeare
REFRAIN
A sound, word, phrase or line ______________ regularly in a poem.
“Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’”

“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
SOME TYPES OF POETRY WE WILL BE STUDYING
(Advanced)
LYRIC
A ___________ poem
Usually written in ___________ person point of view
Expresses an _____________ or an ______________ or
_________________ a scene
Do not tell a ______________ and are often _____________
(Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)
LIMERICK
A short poem (____lines) that rhymes
Usually about _______ or light topics
Always has the same rhyme scheme (AABBA)
Sample Limerick:
The Teacher
There is a teacher from Leeds
Who swallowed a packet of seeds
And in less than an hour
Her nose was a flower
And her hair was a bundle of weeds
HAIKU
A Japanese poem written in ____________ lines
Five Syllables
Seven Syllables
Five Syllables
An old silent pond . . .
A frog jumps into the pond.
Splash! Silence again.
CINQUAIN
A five line poem containing _____________ syllables
Two Syllables
Four Syllables
Six Syllables
Eight Syllables
Two Syllables
How frail
Above the bulk
Of crashing water hangs
Autumnal, evanescent, wan
The moon.
NARRATIVE POEMS
A poem that ______________ a story.
Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to
establish characters and a plot.
Examples of Narrative Poems:
“The Raven”
“The Highwayman”
“Casey at the Bat”
“The Walrus and the Carpenter”
CONCRETE POEMS
In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a _______________
that relates to the content of the poem.
Poetry
Is like
Flames,
Which are
Swift and elusive
Dodging realization
Sparks, like words on the
Paper, leap and dance in the
Flickering firelight. The fiery
Tongues, formless and shifting
Shapes, tease the imiagination.
Yet for those who see,
Through their mind’s
Eye, they burn
Up the page.
FREE VERSE POETRY
Unlike _______________ poetry, ____________ _____________poetry
does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Does _____________have rhyme.
Free verse poetry is very ___________________ - sounds like someone
talking with you.
A more _______________ type of poetry.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE (Advanced)
SIMILE
A _______________________of two things using “like, as, than,” or
“resembles.”
“She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”
METAPHOR
A _____________ comparison of two ____________ things
Sometimes it’s IMPLIED – meaning you have to figure out the comparison
“All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.”
- William Shakespeare
HYPERBOLE
_______________________ often used for emphasis.
Ex: She was running at the speed of light.
IDIOMS
An ________________________ where the ___________________
meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means
something other than what it actually says.
Ex: It’s raining cats and dogs.
PERSONIFICATION
An animal given human-like _________________ or an object given life-like
qualities.
From “Ninki” by Shirley Jackson
“Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence
exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is
extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks.”
SYMBOLISM
When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also
_____________________, or stands for, something else.
Eagle =
_______________
Dove =
_______________
ALLUSION
Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to ____________ to”
An allusion is a _____________________ to something famous.
A tunnel walled and overlaid
Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,
With dazzling crystal: we had
And to our own his name we gave.
read
From “Snowbound” by John Greenleaf Whittier
IMAGERY
Language that appeals to the _____________________.
Most images are visual, but they can also ________________ to the senses
of sound, touch, taste, or smell.