Download Organic Chemistry

Name __________________________
Mrs. Murray
Date ____________
Chemistry
UNIT 13: Organic Chemistry
Text : Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons, pages 744-765
Chapter 22: Substituted Hydrocarbons and Their Reactions,
pages 786-812
A. Organic Chemistry Review
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds…let’s see what you remember about
carbon…
1. What is the electron configuration of carbon? ______________________
2. How many valence electrons does carbon have? _________________
3. Draw Lewis Dot structure for carbon
4. What type of bond will carbon form with hydrogen in CH4? (ionic or covalent)____________
5. Draw the Lewis Dot structure for CH4
6. What shape is CH4? ___________________
7. Is this a polar or non-polar molecule? ____________________
Why?___________________________________________________________________
8. What forces of attraction are present in CH4?___________________________________
9. Are these weak or strong forces? ___________________________________________
10. Is CH4 melting /boiling point high or low? ________________________________
11. Will CH4 dissolve in water? _____________________________________
Explain. _________________________________________________________
B. Naming Alkanes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Draw structural formulas for the following molecules:
8. 2,2,3-trimethyl-butane
9. 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-hexane
10. 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexamethyl-octane
C. More Naming Alkanes
1.
2.
3.
5.
4.
6.
7.
Draw structural formulas for the following molecules:
8. 4-ethyl-octane
9. 2-methyl-nonane
10. 2-methyl-2-ethyl-butane
D. Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
1.
2.
3.
5.
7.
Draw the structures for the following compounds:
8. 2,3 dimethyl pentane
9. 2 - butene
10. 3,3 dimethyl 1-hexene
11. 3 ethyl 1-pentyne
4.
6.
E. Substituted Hydrocarbons:
Circle the functional group in each molecule. Based on the functional group, classify and
name each organic compound.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Draw the following:
11. 3 pentanone
12. pentanoic acid
13. ethyl propanoate
F. Substituted Organic Compounds
COMPOUND
2- butanol
3- heptanone
ethyl butanoate
pentanal
diethyl ether
Class
Structure and Structural
Formula
Isomer
Class
Isomer
Structure and Structural
Formula
Isomer Name
butanoic acid
2-pentanone
1-hexanol
methyl propyl
ether
methyl
ethanoate
G. Reactions
For the following reactions, write the balanced equations for the complete combustion of the
following:
1. propane, C3H8 (gas used in torches and gas grills)
2. methanol, CH3OH (race car fuel)
Identify the reaction type. Predict the products.
+
Br2 
3.
CH4
4.
C3H6 + Cl2 
5.
methanol and propanoic acid 
6.
ethanol + butanoic acid 
H. Document Based Question
Denatured Alcohol
Products such as mouthwash, after-shave, hair spray, and perfume all contain ethanol. However,
the ethanol used in these products is not pure. It is treated with chemicals that make it unsuitable for
human consumption. Treated ethanol is called denatured alcohol.
Ethanol is an excellent solvent for organic and inorganic compounds. It can be added to gasoline
to make gasohol. Ethanol can be used to make organic compounds such as diethyl ether. Ethanol is also
the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. The government places an excise tax on ethanol used in alcoholic
beverages. About 25% to 60% of the price of a bottle of distilled spirits goes to the federal government.
In order for ethanol not to be taxed, it must be denatured. This has to be done without making the
ethanol product useless. The products used to denature the ethanol must also be difficult to remove by
physical or chemical separation. There are about 60 different formulas allowed by the Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, and Firearms. These formulas are noted on the bottle. For example, a label might be "S.D.A.
Alcohol 40 (14%)." This label means specially denatured alcohol, government formula number 40, and
14% alcohol by volume. Mouthwashes may contain ethanol as a solvent. The problem with denaturing
the alcohol in this product is that it cannot be toxic or so bitter that people do not use it.
Questions:
1. What is the formula and structural formula of ethanol? What organic class does it belong to?
2. Ethanol can be used to make diethyl ether. Draw the compound di-ethyl ether, along with its
structural formula.
3. Draw and name an isomer of di-ethyl ether.
4. What does denaturing do to ethanol?
I. Regents Questions
Base your answers to questions 1-2 on the information below.
Given the reaction between 1-butene and chlorine gas:
C4H8 + Cl2 → C4H8Cl2
1. Which type of chemical reaction is represented by this equation?
2. In the space draw the structural formula of the product 1,2-dichlorobutane.
Base your answers to questions 3-6 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.
Crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbons
that have different numbers of carbon atoms.
The use of a fractionating tower allows the
separation of this mixture based on the boiling
points of the hydrocarbons.
To begin the separation process, the crude oil
is heated to about 400°C in a furnace, causing
many of the hydrocarbons of the crude oil to
vaporize. The vaporized mixture is pumped
into a fractionating tower that is usually more
than 30 meters tall. The temperature of the
tower is highest at the bottom. As vaporized
samples of hydrocarbons travel up the tower,
they cool and condense. The liquid
hydrocarbons are collected on trays and
removed from the tower. The diagram below
illustrates the fractional distillation of the crude
oil and the temperature ranges in which the
different hydrocarbons condense.
3. State the trend between the boiling point of
the hydrocarbons contained in the crude oil
and the number of carbon atoms in these molecules.
4. Describe the relationship between the strength of the intermolecular forces and the number of carbon
atoms in the different hydrocarbon molecules.
5. Write an IUPAC name of one saturated hydrocarbon that leaves the fractionating tower at less than
40°C.
6. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of octane?
Base your answers to questions 7and 8 on the condensed structural formula below.
CH3CH2CHCH2
7 In the space provided in your answer booklet, draw the structural formula for this compound.
8. The formula below represents a product formed when HCl reacts with CH3CH2CHCH2. What is an
IUPAC name for this product?
9. Given the equation:
To which class of organic compounds does product X belong?
10. Identify the homologous series of hydrocarbons to which CH3CH2CH3 belongs.
UNIT 13: Organic Chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.
2. Using REFERENCE TABLE P, know how to name all straight chain and branched hydrocarbons.
3. Isomers are organic compounds with the same formula, but different structures.
4. C-C bonds can be saturated (single) or unsaturated (double or triple).
5. Hydrocarbons - contain only carbon and hydrogen. There are four types (TABLE Q)
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Benzene
all single bonds
double bond
triple bond
1 1/2 bond
saturated
unsaturated
unsaturated
saturated
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
CnH2n-2
CnH2n-6
ethane
ethene
ethyne
(acetylene)
benzene/
toluene
-ANE suffix
-ENE suffix
-YNE suffix
6.
Substituted hydrocarbons: Review organic REFERENCE TABLE R. Know how to draw name
and functional group of each substituted hydrocarbon.
7.
ISOMERS of substituted hydrocarbons go in order pairs on TABLE R.
8.
Alcohols may be monohydroxy (1-OH), dihydroxy (2-OH) or trihydroxy (3-OH).
9.
Alcohols may be primary, secondary or tertiary.
10.
Alkanes can undergo substitution reactions (SUBSTITUTING 1 halogen for a hydrogen ).
11.
Alkenes can undergo addition reactions ( ADDING DIATOMIC for the double bond).
12.
Nylon, protein, & starch are polymers.
13.
Condensation polymerization reaction (dehydration synthesis) produces water and a polymer
from monomers.
14.
Alcohol and an organic acid react to produce an ester and water.
15.
Fermentation is a process which converts sugar to alcohol in the presence of a catalyst (yeast).