Download Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction Guided Notes

Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction

To be used with Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction
PowerPoint by Gaccione
All of your body (somatic) cells formed by mitosis
Cell Reproduction is important when our bodies grow
or when certain cells needreplacement.
Cell type
___Life span (days)
Brain
_____ 30-50 years______
Red blood
_____ 120 _________
Platelets
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Stomach lining
______2__________
Liver
____________200_____
Intestine lining ___________3________
Skin _________________20
Stem Cells cells taken from an early stageembryo that
can differentiate (change into different cells)
Chromatin-Chromatid-Chromosome
Genetic material – contains DNA
Chromatin
1. DNA stands
2.spaghetti & meatballs
The Cell Cycle consists of two parts:
Chromatid
1. Coiled chromatin
Chromosome
1.Replicated
sister chromatids
Below draw the cell cycle:
Interphase & mitosis.
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The Cell Cycle – IPMAT
 interphase

prophase

metaphase

anaphase


telophase
cytokenesis
Interphase
Interphase is the first phase in the cell cycle.
It is the growth & preparation phase.
About 90% of the cell cycle is in Interphase 15 of 16 hours.
Below draw the cell cycle clock:
1. G1 is the 1st phase of Interphase. What happens?
Organelles grow
2. S is the 2nd phase of Interphase. What happens?
Replication of chromosome material
3. G2 is the third phase of Interphase. What happens?
More organelle & cell growth
Chromatin is immature chromosomes. Chromatin looks like spaghetti & meatballs.
centrioles
chromatin
nuclear
membrane
Mitosis
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Mitosis is the second part of the cell cycle and is a type of cell division that results in two
identical daughter cells.
The chromosome number in the daughter cell is the
same as in theparent.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each parent cell –
their daughter cells will have 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis is also called asexual reproduction or
Nuclear cell division.
Organism
Chromosome numbers_
Human
46
_____________
Chimpanzee
48________________
Dog
78
_____________
Fruit fly
8
_____________
Garden pea _____14_________________
Adder’s fern
1260______________
Each organism has a specific chromosome number.
Is the chromosome number related to the complexity
of the organism??? No way
Phase 1 - Prophase
What four events take place during the 1st stage of Mitosis: Prophase?
1. centrioles begin to separate
2.centrioles are connected by spindle fibers.
3. nuclear membrane disappears
4. chromosomes appear coiled and become visible
Chromosome Structure
Define chromatid: is one strand of a chromosome.
two chromatids = one chromosome
Define centromere: holds the chromatids together
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Below label the chromosome: Chromatid, centromere & chromosome
chromatid
centromere
Double strand
chromosome
Phase 2 - Metaphase
What three events take place during the 2nd Stage of Mitosis: Metaphase?
1. Centrioles move to opposite poles of the
cell connected by the spindle fibers.
2. each chromosome moves to the center
of a cell along one spindle fiber.
4. The centromere attaches to the a
specific spindle fiber.
Phase 3 - Anaphase
What five events take place during the 3rd Stage of Mitosis: Anaphase?
1. cell is egg shape
2. centromeres replicate & seperate
3. chromosomes separate
4. cytoplasmic division begins
5. cell membrane begins to pinch in
4
Phase - Telophase
What five events take place during the 4th Stage of Mitosis: Telophase?
1. cell shape is figure 8
2. Spindle fibers disappear
3. Nuclear membranes reforms around
2 new nuclei
4. centrioles replicate in late telophase
5. cell division occurs in late telophase
Cytokenesis is known as
Complete cell division.
-
Two identical daughter cells
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The Cell Cycle
Name:____________________________
Use this word bank to label the diagram below:
Hint:
number 7 is only pointing to one strand.
number 9 is pointing to 2 strands & the centromere
interphase
telophase
metaphase
anaphase
prophase
chromosome
centromere(2)
centrioles
chromatin
chromatid
cytokenesis
spindle fibers
nucleolus
nuclear membrane
reappearing nucleus
centrioles separating
disappearing nucleus
questions: list all of the letters pertaining to mitosis
BCDEF
list all of the letters pertaining to cell cycle A B C D E F
Interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokenesis
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How does mitosis differ in plants?
1. No centrioles in plant cells.
2. Plant cell do not pinch in half, they form
a cell plate between 2 daughter cells.
Summary of Mitosis:
1. The same chromosome number is retained from generation to generation
2. Each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the chromosomes of the parent cell
3. Mutations are rare
Cancer: is uncontrolled cellular mitotic divisions
Causes of cancer:
1. Environment influences
2. viruses
3. smoking
4. Radiation
Prevention of cancer:
1. diet
2. exercise
Methods of Asexual Reproduction
Define Binary Fission:
What are the results of binary fission? Two new organisms
What are three examples of organisms who reproduce this way?
1. ameba
2. paramecium
3. euglena
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Define Budding:
nucleus of an organism's cell divides equally but the cytoplasm divides unequally
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What are three examples of organisms who reproduce this way?
1. yeast
2. hydra
3. spongebob
What organism is in the
above picture?
Another method of Asexual Reproduction is called Sporulation. What is this?
the production of spores
What is an example? molds
What are spores? single, specialized cells which are released from the parent
Define Regeneration: the development of an entire new organism
from part of an original organism
What is an example? starfish
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What organisms have greater regeneration powers? Invertebrates or vertebrates
invertabrates
Define Vegetative Propagation:
regeneration in plants
What can develop from just part of the original plant?
Complete new plants develop from part of the original plant
What is an example? Grafting
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