Download 1 Study Guide Preston Brooks Charles Sumner Senator From

Study Guide 1
Preston Brooks
Charles Sumner
Senator From…
Supports…
Senator From…
Supports…
What did Brooks do to Sumner? Why?
What did Brooks do to him? Why?
What is the significance of this?
What was the stance on slavery by the majority of White Northerners?
What did the Constitution not do with the slavery issue? What were the compromises that were made in the 1800s
to offset this issue?
What did the Mexican American War do for the US?
What deal did David Wilmot propose?
What was the Wilmot Proviso? Did it pass Congress? Why?
How did the Wilmot Proviso launch the Free Soil Movement?
What is squatter sovereignty?
What is popular sovereignty?
What did the Free Soilers support and who supported them?
Why would CA become a free state after the Mexican American War? How does this create a problem?
Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? What were the terms of the Compromise and how did it contrast to the
Missouri Compromise of 1820?
What was the Fugitive Slave Law?
What is the significance of the Compromise of 1850?
Look at the flyer on p. 336. What is the flyer notifying colored people in the North about? What new pieces of
legislation is this connected to? Why is this significant?
Study Guide 2
Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? What were the terms of the law? Why is this controversial? Who
supported it and who didn’t?
Why was the second-party system destroyed?
What is the Ostend Manifesto?
Who was part of the Know Nothing Party? Why were they formed? What did they believe in? Why did the party
quickly collapse and fail?
What did the Republicans contrast against he Know Nothings? What was the Republican position on slavery?
How did Buchanan win the election of 1856?
How was American literature sectionalized? Which authors favored which argument?
When and how did literary abolitionism reach its climax? What were the effects in the North and the South?
Summarize the background story for the Dred Scott case. What was the outcome and why is this significant?
Who was John Brown and what plan did he hope to carry out? What happened on the day of his raid on Harper’s
Ferry? What were the effects?
Who wrote The Impending Crisis of the South? What was it about? What were reactions to it?
Why did Abraham Lincoln meet the specifications for Republican nominee to the presidency? What was the
platform he ran on?
What happened to the Democratic Party? Why did this happen?
Election of 1860:
Lincoln
Douglas
Breckenridge
Political Affiliation:
Political Affiliation:
Political Affiliation:
What are underlying causes of the crisis?
Economic interests
Study Guide 3
Morality
Tariffs
Northern and
Southern Economy
Politicians
Ideological differences
Why were the Whig and Democratic parties in trouble by 1850? (Summarize this paragraph in your own words).
Primary Source Analysis:
Analyze each primary source document after you have read Chapter 14. What is the main idea of
each document? What event is referred to in each document? What connections can you make to
this document? What are the PERSIA effects of the documents?
Document A
Dred Scott vs Sanford, 1857. 19 Howard, 393.
Now . . . the right of property in a slave is distinctly and expressly affirmed in the Constitution. The right to
traffic in it, like an ordinary article of merchandise and property, was guaranteed to the citizens of the United States,
in every State that might desire it, for twenty years. And the Government in express terms is pledged to protect it in
all future time, if the slave escapes from his owner…
Neither Dred Scott himself, nor any of his family were made free by being carried into such territory: even if
they had been carried there by their owner with the intention of becoming permanent residents.
Document B
John Brown’s Last Words [1859]
I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty, land: will never be purged away; but by
Blood. I had as I now think: vainly flattered myself that without very[sic] much bloodshed; it might be done.
Document C
Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
Study Guide 4
…I now proceed to propound to the Judge the interrogatories… The first one is:
Question 1—If the people of Kansas shall, by means entirely unobjectionable in all other respects, adopt a
State Constitution and ask admission into the Union under it, before they have the requisite number of inhabitants.’
Question 2—Can the people of a United States Territory, in any lawful way, against the wish of any citizen of
the United States, exclude slavery from its limits prior to the formation of a State constitution?
Question 3—If the Supreme Court of the United States shall decide that States cannot exclude slavery from
their limits, are you in favor of acquiescing in, adopting, and following such decision as a rule of political action.
Senator Douglas’s Reply
I will answer this question. In reference to Kansas, it is my opinion that as the population enough to
constitute a slave State, she has people enough a free State. I will not make Kansas an exceptional case to the other
States of the Union.
I answer emphatically, …that in my opinion the people of a Territory can by lawful means exclude slavery
from their limits prior to the formation of a State Constitution.
The third question…He [Mr. Lincoln] casts an imputation on the Supreme Court, by supposing that they
would violate the Constitution of the United States, I tell him that such a thing is impossible. It would be an act of
moral treason…
Document D
“But, before entering upon the argument, I must say something of a general character, particularly in response
to what has fallen from Senators who have raised themselves to eminence on this floor in championship of human
wrongs. I mean the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. Butler), and the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Douglas), who,
though unlike as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, yet, like this couple, sally forth together in the same adventure. I
regret much to miss the elder Senator from his seat; but the cause, against which he has run a tilt, with such activity
of animosity, demands that the opportunity of exposing him should not be lost; and it is for the cause that I speak.
The Senator from South Carolina has read many books of chivalry, and believes himself a chivalrous knight, with
sentiments of honor and courage. Of course he has chosen a mistress to whom he has made his vows, and who,
though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight I mean
the harlot, Slavery. For her, his tongue is always profuse in words. Let her be impeached in character, or any
proposition made to shut her out from the extension of her wantonness, and no extravagance of manner or
hardihood of assertion is then too great for this Senator.” This speech was delivered by Senator Charles Sumner of
Massachusetts, on May 19-20, 1856, in the United States Senate.
Document E
The Know-Nothing Platform 1856
(1) Repeal of all Naturalization Laws.
(2) None but Americans for office.
(3) A pure American Common School system.
(4) War to the hilt, on political Romanism.
(5) Opposition to the formation of Military Companies, composed of Foreigners.
(6) The advocacy of a sound, healthy and safe Nationality.
(7) Hostility to all Papal influences, when brought to bear against the Republic.
(8) American Constitutions & American sentiments.
(9) More stringent & effective Emigration Laws.
(10) The amplest protection to Protestant Interests.
(11) The doctrines of the revered Washington.
(12) The sending back of all foreign paupers.
(13) Formation of societies to protect American interests.
(14) Eternal enmity to all those who attempt to carry out the principles of a foreign Church or
State.
(15) Our Country, our whole Country, and nothing but our Country.
(16) Finally,-American Laws, and American Legislation, and Death to all foreign influences,
whether in high places or low
Document F
Study Guide 5
1848 Free Soil Party Platform
We have assembled in convention as a union of free men, for the sake of freedom, forgetting all past political
differences, in a common resolve to maintain the rights of free labor against the aggression of the slave power, and
to secure free soil to a free people; … These nominations so made furnish the occasion and demonstrate the
necessity of the union of the people under the banner of free democracy, in a solely and formal declaration of their
independence of the slave power, and of their fixed determination to rescue the federal government from its
control,-1. Resolved, Therefore, that we, the people here assembled, do now plant ourselves upon the national platform of
freedom, in opposition to the sectional platform of slavery.
3. Resolved, That the proviso of Jefferson, to prohibit the existence of slavery after 18OO in all the territories of the
United States, southern and northern; the votes of six states and sixteen delegates in the Congress of 1784 for the
proviso, to three states and seven delegates against it; the actual exclusion of slavery from the Northwestern
Territory, by the Ordinance of 1787, unanimously adopted by the states in Congress, and the entire history of that
period,--clearly show that it was the settled policy of the nation not to extend, nationalize, or encourage, but
to limit, localize, and discourage slavery; and to this policy, which should never have beef departed from, the
government ought to return.
5. Resolved, That in the judgment of this convention Congress has no more power to make a slave than to make a
king; no more power to institute or establish slavery than to institute or establish a monarchy.
6. Resolved, That it is the duty of the federal government to relieve itself from all responsibility for the existence or
continuance of slavery wherever the government possesses constitutional power to legislate on that subject, and is
thus responsible for its existence.
8. Resolved, That we accept the issue which the slave power has forced upon us; and to their demand for more slave
states and more slave territory, our calm but final answer is: No more slave states and no more slave territory.
9. Resolved, That the bill lately reported by the committee of eight in the Senate of the United Slates was no
compromise, but an absolute surrender of the rights of the non-slaveholders of the states; and while we rejoice to
know that a measure which, while opening the door for the introduction of slavery into the territories now free,
would also have opened the door to litigation and strife among the future inhabitants …..There must be no more
compromises with slavery; if made, they must be repealed.
10. Resolved, That we demand freedom and established institutions for our brethren in Oregon now exposed to
hardships, peril, and massacre, by the reckless hostility of the slave power to the establishment of free government
for free territories; and not only for them, but for our brethren in California and New Mexico.
12. Resolved, That we demand cheap postage for the people; a retrenchment of the expenses and patronage of the
federal government; the abolition of all unnecessary offices and salaries; and the election by the people of all civil
officers in the service of the government so far as the same may be practicable.
13. Resolved, That river and harbor improvements, when demanded by the safety and convenience of commerce
with foreign nations, or among the several states, are objects of national concern, and that it is the duty of Congress,
in the exercise of its constitutional power, to provide therefore.
15. Resolved, That the obligations of honor and patriotis … we are therefore in favor of such a tariff of duties as will
raise revenue adequate to defray the expenses of the federal government, and to pay annual installments of our
debt, and the interest thereon.
Document G
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, U.S. Statutes at Large (31st Cong., Sess. I, Chp. 60, 462-465)
Study Guide 6
“Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That when a person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the United
States, has heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United States, the person or
persons to whom such service or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent or attorney, duly authorized, by power
of attorney, in writing, acknowledged and certified under the seal of some legal officer or court of the State or
Territory in which the same may be executed, may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a
warrant from some one of the courts….”
Document H
“Resolved: That, with our Republican fathers, we hold it to be a self-evident truth, that all men are endowed
with the inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and that the primary object and ulterior
design of our Federal Government were to secure these rights to all persons under its exclusive jurisdiction; that, as
our Republican fathers, when they had abolished Slavery in all our National Territory, ordained that no person shall
be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, it becomes our duty to maintain this provision of
the Constitution against all attempts to violate it for the purpose of establishing Slavery in the Territories of the
United States by positive legislation, prohibiting its existence or extension therein. That we deny the authority of
Congress, of a Territorial Legislation, of any individual, or association of individuals, to give legal existence to Slavery
in any Territory of the United States, while the present Constitution shall be maintained.” National Party Platforms:
Volume I 1840-1956, compiled by Donald Bruce Johnson, University of Illinois Press, pp. 27-28.).
Chapter 15
How did South Carolina justify secession?
Which states removed themselves from the Union? Why is this location of these states significant? What
happened to these states in the Upper South? What did these states seek?
What were the components of the Confederate Constitution? Who was the president?
What was the Crittenden Compromise? Who came up with it? When? How is it similar or different than Clay’s
earlier compromises? Was the Compromise accepted by Congress? Why?
What did Lincoln say he’d do in his 1st inaugural address?
Which states were the border states?
Why was the Civil War considered to be a total war?
North Advantages
South Advantages
Who would support the North? Who would support the South?
Study Guide 7
What was General Winfield Scott’s anaconda policy?
What was Lincoln’s plan for the war?
What happened to the Northern and Southern economies?
How did each region plan to finance the war? What were the problems with this?
How did Lincoln interfere with civil liberties that were unconstitutional?
Why was Jefferson Davis a less effective war leader than Lincoln? What happened to his political support?
What happened at the Battle of Bull Run?
What happened to cotton by 1862? What happened by 1863? What happened with King Cotton diplomacy?
What did Congress vote in the summer of 1861? What did they decide in July 1862?
Although Lincoln favored freedom for blacks, what was he reluctant to do?
What did Lincoln propose about the emancipation of blacks? What was the reaction of slaveholding states?
What is the Emancipation Proclamation? When was it written? What was it about? Why is it significant?
What did Lincoln declare on January 1, 1863 about slaves under Confederate control? Why would he do that?
What did the proclamation do to slavery as a labor system?
How many African Americans served in the Union armed forces? How were they paid? What were their duties?
What did Lincoln encourage border states to do with their slaves in 1864? Why?
Which amendment did Lincoln push for in 1864? What is the significance?
Study Guide 8
How was the South affected during the war?
How did Democrats view emancipation? Why?
What happened at the Battle of Vicksburg?
What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg? What was Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
What were some effects of the war?
What role did northern women play in the war?
What was the experience/contribution of Southern Confederate women?
What did the Civil War definitely decide?
What did Congress pass in 1862?
How did the Republicans change a limited government?
Chapter 16
How did the Reconstruction Era see major transformations?
What new problems did the government have to solve?
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Republican
What was the main reason Congress was against Lincoln?
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
Congressional Reconstruction Plan
Radical Republicans
What challenges did Andrew Johnson face in 1864?
Study Guide 9
What is Johnsons’ connection to the South?
What was Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan?
What is the 13th Amendment?
What does the political cartoon show on p. 391?
What were the black codes? Which states passed these? Why was Johnson partly responsible for this?
Analyze the political cartoon on p. 392 by Thomas Nast. What is the message Nast is trying to convey?
What Reconstruction policy did Republicans favor?
What did most Republican leaders believe about African Americans?
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
How did Johnson oppose Congress?
What was the 14th Amendment? How did Johnson weaken the amendment?
What was Radical Reconstruction? Who were leaders of the Radical Republicans?
What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 and ‘68 do?
What was Radical Reconstruction based on?
How did Congress pass laws designed to limit Johnson’s presidential authority? What is the significance of the law?
How did Johnson violate the Tenure of Office Act? What did the House vote to do in response? What ended up
happening to Johnson?
Study Guide10
How did the Civil War leave the South?
What did blacks seek?
What were conflicting goals of Whites and blacks in the South?
Although the freed salves were supported by the federal government, what did many ex-slaves hope would happen?
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau’s responsibilities regarding land?
What was the contract labor system in 1864?
What was sharecropping? Why is it significant?
What were the black codes of 1865? How did blacks react?
Who were the carpet baggers/ scalawags?
How did Republicans in the South make some notable achievements? What were political, social and economic
reforms?
What happened to marriages after the war?
What institutions did freed people create? What was the biggest priority for them? Why?
Who were the greenbackers and why were they significant?
What did the Grant Administration decide to do?
What was the 15th Amendment? Why is it significant?
What is the Ku Klux Klan? What was it established? How would they treat groups? Which groups did they target?
What were the Force Acts (Ku Klux Klan Acts)?
What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal?
Who was part of the Liberal Republicans? Why did they split from the Republican Party?
What is the Compromise of 1877? Why is it significant?
Who were the redeemers?
What is laissez-faire?
What is white supremacy?
What were the Jim Crow Laws? When were they established?
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
Study Guide11