Download Comp 6a-2 Plant Packet

#: ___ Scientist's Name: _________
Kingdom
Plantae
Competency 6a-2 & 4d
Comp 6. Demonstrate an understanding of principles that explain the diversity of life &
biological evolution.
a. Draw conclusions about how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and
subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. (DOK 2)
 Characteristics of the six kingdoms
 Major levels in the hierarchy of taxa (e.g., kingdom, phylum/division, class,
order, family, genus, and species)
 Body plans (symmetry)
 Methods of sexual reproduction (e.g., conjugation, fertilization, pollination)
 Methods of asexual reproduction (e.g., budding, binary fission, regeneration,
spore formation)
Comp 4. Analyze & explain the structures & function of the levels of biological organization.
d. Explain & describe how plant structures (vascular & nonvascular) & cellular functions
are related to the survival of plants (e.g., movement of materials, plant reproduction).
(DOK 1)
DaBook - Section 16
1. The first habitat for plants on earth was ___.
2. Which algal group is most related to early land plants?
3. What is this group of algae called?
4. All plants are __.
5. Plants can make their own food by a process called _____.
6. Since plants make their own food they are called ______.
7. Plants contain what type of chlorophyll?
8. Where is chlorophyll found in plants?
9. What surrounds the outside of all plant cells and what is it composed of?
10. How do plants store their reserve food?
11. The life cycle of plants is known as ___ of ___.
12. The dominant stage of the plant is the diploid (2n) ____ stage.
13. The eggs and sperm are produced during the haploid (1n) __ stage.
14. The gametophyte stage produces a multicellular plant ___ that is protected inside an ___ .
15. The sporophyte stage produces ____ by ___.
16. Haploid spores undergo ___ to produce the ___ stage.
17. The gametophyte stage makes ___ called the ___ and __.
18. ___ (2n) produces the new sporophytes.
19. Label the diagram of alternation of generation. Include the sporophyte and gametophyte
generations, the chromosome number (2n or 1n), and where mitosis and meiosis occur.
20. Plants are divided into ____ groups based on the presence or absence of an ___ ___ ___ for
carrying water and dissolved ___.
21. What is the transport system for water and minerals called?
22. ___ tissue carries ___ & ___ upward from the roots.
23. ___ tissue carries ___ made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or
used.
24. ___ is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem.
25. ___ plants lack vascular tissue and are called ___.
26. In what type of environment must nonvascular plants live?
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27. Give an example of a bryophyte.
28. Nonvascular plants can't grow as tall as vascular plants. Explain why.
29. The cells of nonvascular plants must be in ___ contact with water because water moves by
___ from cell to cell.
30. How does the sperm get to the egg in nonvascular plants?
31. Name 3 divisions of nonvascular plants and give an organism found in each division.
a.
b.
c.
32.Vascular plants are also called __.
33. What are the 2 subdivisions of vascular plants?
34. Name 4 divisions of seedless vascular plants, give an example of a plant in each group, & a
use.
a.
b.
c.
d.
35. Define rhizomes, fonds, & sporangia. What plant do these terms describe? (page 340)
36. Name the 2 groups of seed-bearing vascular plants.
37. Gymnosperms have ___ seeds found inside cones. List the importance of conifers. (page 343)
38. Angiosperms have ___ to attract ___ so seeds can be produced.
39. Name the division known as conifers and list plants in this group.
40. Name 2 other divisions of gymnosperms and tell a plant in each group.
a.
b.
41. Name the oldest living plant.
42. Name the tallest living plant.
43. What group are these 2 plants in?
44. Angiosperms are the division ______________.
45. What are the 2 subgroups of Anthophyta.
46. Describe the characteristics of monocots.
47. Describe the characteristics of dicots.
Comparing Monocots & Dicots
Both monocot and dicot seeds develop in similar ways and have the same parts. There are a few minor differences:
monocots start out with one seed leaf, while dicots have two. The technical word for seed leaf is cotyledon: you
can find it on the coloring sheet; it is the first leaf to emerge from a developing seed. As a seed, both monocots and
dicots are covered by a seed coat.
The seed consists of the outside seed coat and a large area called the endosperm which functions as a source
of reserve materials and food for the developing embryo. As germination occurs, the endosperm will be broken
down and used by the plant.
Germination occurs when the seed begins to sprout, usually in the spring and under appropriate conditions
the radicle, the part of the seed that will become the root, begins to elongate and grow downward. Meanwhile, the
coleoptile begins to grow upward. The coleoptile is a sheath that encloses the shoot of the embryo. The primary
function of the coleoptile is to provide protection to the developing shoot as it is passing through the soil. Extending
out from the coleoptile is the shoot. Eventually adult leaves grow on the plant.
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Comparing Adult Monocots and Dicots
Angiosperms are divided into two classes, the monocots and the dicots. The majority of flowering plants are
dicots. Dicots include maples, oaks, and magnolias. Monocots are grasses, wheat, corn, and rice. Most of our food
supply comes from monocots. The diagram compares the differences between the two. First of all look at the roots.
The root of a monocot is called a fibrous root and the root of a dicot is a taproot. Notice how taproots have one
main part – called the primary root. In a taproot the primary root grows very large and small roots spread out from
it. Fibrous roots, on the other hand, do not have very large primary roots, and many small roots develop and
remain near the surface. Monocots and dicots also differ in their leaf structure. Adult monocots usually have
parallel venation, whereas dicots have net-like venation. The flowers of monocots and dicots differ in the number
of petals they have. Monocots tend to have flower parts that occur in 3’s ( 3, 6, 9, 12…). Dicot flowers usually
have 4 to 5 petals. Stems hold the flowers up and attach the leaves.
Monocot and dicots also differ in the way their vascular systems are arranged. In monocots, the vascular bundles are
scattered throughout the stem. In dicots, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
Questions:
1. Give two examples of plants that are monocots. ________________________________________
2. Give two examples of plants that are dicots. __________________________________________
3. What is a cotyledon? _______________________________________________________________
4. What is the radicle? ________________________________________________________________
5. What is the coleoptile? _____________________________________________________________
6. What is the function of the endosperm? _______________________________________________
7. An unknown plant is brought to you and your job is to determine whether it is a monocot or
a dicot. You observe that the plant has 6 petals and its leaves have parallel veins. Is it a
monocot or a dicot?
Complete the table.
Veins in
Leaves
Flower parts in
multiples of
Stems—
vascular
tubes are
Roots
Seeds/Embryo# cotyledons
Monocot
Dicot
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Label the seed components.
B
A
ABC-
C
Complete the flow chart by including descriptions at each level.
Kingdom Plantae
Nonvascular
Vascular
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Leaf Cross-Section - Label & define each component.
__ Chloroplasts (p. 349)
__ Cuticle (2)
__ Guard Cells
__ Lower Epidermis
__ Mesophyll (p. 349)
__ Palisade Layer
__ Phloem
__ Spongy Layer
__ Stoma
__ Upper Epidermis
__ Xylem
A
L
K
J
B
H
I
G
C
E
F
D
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Flower Cross-Section - Label & define each
component.
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Ovule
Sepal
Petal
Pistil
Stigma
Stamen
Anther
Style
Filament
Ovary
Pollen
Life Cycle of Angiosperms - Label each step.
___ Seed
3
2
___ Egg cell becomes the
embryo
4
___ Sperm fertilizes egg
cell
___ Pollen sticks to
pistil. Pollen tube
grows into ovule.
1
5
___ Seed grows into
new plant
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Plant Stems & Roots – Draw & label the vascular
arrangement in plant stems. Draw & label the root
tissues in plants (page 350).
Vascular arrangement in stems
Monocot
Dicot
Root tissues
Monocot
Dicot
Define: vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, cambium, cortex, pith, &
epidermis.
Plant Adaptations (page 352)
1. Discuss leaf adaptations.
2. Discuss root adaptations.
3. Discuss seed & fruit adaptations.
4. Discuss flower adaptations.
5. Discuss chemical adaptations including skin irritants, repellants,
deterrents, toxins, & phenols.
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