Download AFTER READING 4-2 REVIEW

Verbal Warmup
• We’ve discussed how H2O, C, N, and energy
move through ecosystems. You know the
terms “biotic” and “abiotic”.
– What is an example of a biotic process that
moves nitrogen through an ecosystem?
– What is an example of an abiotic process that
moves water through an ecosystem?
– Discuss, be ready to share.
– Note: we’ll be focusing on abiotic and biotic
processes in ecosystems today.
What Shapes an Ecosystem?
• Write
“Updates to 90-93 and Food Web Notes” - new page
– Record clarifying info about pages 90-93
• (Part 1 – minimal notes)
• Use Cornell Notes to answer questions!
– Takes notes on food webs
• (Part 2 – more extensive notes)
Reviewing Cornell notes
• Be ready to define each of these terms (own words):
– Competition, Predation, Niche
– Symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism)
• Be ready to give an example of each of these
occurring in your jar. For each example, explain if it
would move N, C, H2O or energy through your jar
ecosystem.
– Competition, Predation, Symbiosis (mutualism)
• Be ready to explain what would be part of the niche of
a species in your jar (if it were in its native habitat).
Competition
• Two organisms (same or different species) try to
obtain same resource at same time
– Sun, water, food, space, nutrients, etc…
• What is an example in your ecosystem jar?
– Record ecosystem jar example
Predation
• Predation: An interaction in which one organism
captures and feeds on another organism.
• What is an example in your ecosystem jar?
– Record ecosystem jar example
Symbiosis
• Symbiotic relationship
– An ecological relationship between organisms of
different species that live together in direct contact.
• Mutualism: Win-Win
• Record ecosystem jar example
• Example: Shrew Loo
– 60-90% of N for plants
– Mountain Tree Shrew
– Borneo
Commensalism
• Commensalism: Win-neutral
• Example: Anemonefish
• Jar example?
Parasitism
• What is it? Is there an example in your ecosystem jar?
• Symbiosis – when one species benefits and other is
harmed – but not really predation (win-lose)
– Differs in that parasites often live in or on the host
• Example: Parasitic wasp
The “niche”
• What is a niche?
– Range of abiotic and biotic conditions in which an organism
lives – and how it uses these conditions
– Ex: pond snail niche:
• Bodies of water they can inhabit
• What shelter they use in water or on land
• The climate/type of ecosystem they survive in best
• How/when they reproduce
• What they eat and what eats them
– 2 species can’t occupy the same niche! Brainstorm: why not?
• Competition! One species wins, one loses eventually
(leaves niche, evolves, or goes extinct)– might take time
Food Webs (new notes!)
• Usually represent predation in an ecosystem
– Show how biomass & energy move in ecosystems
– Shows relationships between producers
(autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs)
• Why are they useful? Brainstorm
reasons/examples.
– Orcas and salmon – enough to support Orcas?
– Humans – enough food to support us?
– What if organism(s) are removed? Predictions…
– Easier than reading lots of papers (visual)
• Example food web – ecosystem jars!
Energy in food webs (in 3-2)
• Energy: ability to do work (NOT matter/material)
– Light energy (helps producers create food)
– Chemical energy (light converted to chem in food)
– Thermal energy (chem converted to “waste” heat)
• All energy begins at the producer level
– Can move its way up a food web
• Brainstorm – why do consumers have about 10% of the
energy available from organisms they consume?
• The remainder (90%) is:
– 1) kept by producers
– 2) lost as waste (thermal or chemical)
– All life processes produce chemical and thermal waste
– Show on food web now
Biomass in food webs (in 3-2)
• Biomass: living material in an ecosystem (in
grams, usually)
• All biomass begins at the producer level
– Moves its way up a food web
• Do consumers retain all biomass they
consume?
• No –Only about 10% gets to next level (rest is
kept or lost as waste – liquid, solid, gaseous)
– Note – waste contains chemical energy.
– Show on food web now
Energy vs. Matter
• Energy is NOT matter
– Energy is stored in matter, can be released
(thermal) as matter is broken down/metabolized
– Plants convert light energy into chemical energy by
making glucose/food
– All organisms use/release energy by
consuming/breaking down food
Homework!
• Read section 3-2
• Complete food web pre-lab questions
• Cut out all pictures and put in big/envelope
to be used in class tomorrow.