Download Ch. 14 - 1 ch._14

Lesson 1
Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your skin serves as a physical barrier between the outside
world and your internal organs.
You must protect your skin by washing it and keeping it
free of dirt, bacteria, and perspiration.
Lesson 1
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Examine the structure of the skin.
Identify the functions of the skin.
Examine the effects of health behaviors on skin, hair, and
nails.
Relate the importance of recognizing warning signs that lead
to the early detection of skin diseases and prompt individuals
of all ages to seek health care.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Structure of the Skin
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Layers of the Skin
The two main layers of the skin:
1. Epidermis: Its top layer consists
of dead cells and deeper layers
contain living cells that are
continually dividing.
2. Dermis: It is a single, thick layer
composed of connective tissue,
which gives the skin elasticity.
The epidermis and the dermis are
attached to bones and muscles by
the subcutaneous layer.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Epidermis
Certain cells in the epidermis
make a substance called
keratin, a protein that
toughens nails.
These cells also produce lipids,
which make your skin
waterproof.
Other cells produce melanin.
The more the melanin, the
darker the skin.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Dermis
Sebaceous glands are found in
the dermis.
Blood vessels in the dermis
supply cells with oxygenated
blood and nutrients and facilitate
the removal of cellular wastes.
Sweat glands produce
perspiration on the surface
of the skin.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Ways to Keep Your Skin Healthy
Wash your face every
morning and evening
with mild soap and
water.
Carefully choose
personal skin care
products to help keep
your skin from
becoming irritated.
Avoid touching your
face with your hands.
Follow a wellbalanced diet that is
rich in vitamins and
minerals.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Skin and the Sun
When skin is exposed to UV rays, whether from the sun, a
tanning booth, or another source, melanin production is
increased.
Prolonged exposure to UV rays damages the genetic material
in skin cells and causes it to undergo changes.
Exposure to UV radiation is the leading cause of certain types
of skin cancer.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Protecting Your Skin from UV Rays
Use an SPF 15 or
higher sunscreen that
blocks both UVA and
UVB rays.
Wear hats, longsleeved shirts, and long
pants to prevent sun
exposure.
Don’t forget your
sunglasses.
Avoid outdoor activities
when sunlight is most
intense, between 10:00
am and 4:00 pm.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Body Piercing and Tattooing
Body piercing and tattooing result in the physical barrier of
the skin being broken, so the possibility of bacteria or viruses
entering the body increases.
If nonsterile needles are used for tattooing, they can transfer
bacteria and blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B,
hepatitis C, and HIV.
A tattoo can be removed by a laser procedure. However, the
procedure can cause skin discoloration and infection and can
leave scars.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Common Skin Problems
Acne
Warts
Vitiligo
Boils
Moles
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Acne
Acne is caused when pores in the skin get clogged and the
sebum produced by the sebaceous glands cannot reach the
skin’s surface.
Washing your face gently twice a day, applying over-thecounter treatment creams, and avoiding the use of oily
products can help control breakouts.
Touching and picking at the acne only aggravates the condition
and may cause scarring.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Warts
Warts are caused by a virus that infects the surface layers of
the skin.
They are usually noncancerous growths that can appear
anywhere on the body.
The virus that causes warts can be acquired through contact
with infected skin.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a skin condition in which patches of skin have lost all
pigment.
With no melanin, these patches of skin are extremely
susceptible to burning when exposed to UV light.
Sunscreen should be applied or protective clothing should be
worn to avoid severe sunburn.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Boils
Boils form when hair follicles become infected with bacteria
that are normally found on the surface of the skin.
Treatment can include draining the pus and taking a course of
antibiotics.
Never squeeze or burst a boil because this can spread the
infection.
Keeping skin clean can help prevent boils.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Moles
Moles are spots that contain extra melanin.
Certain types of moles may develop into melanoma, which
can be deadly.
Early detection and treatment are critical to controlling the
spread of skin cancer throughout the body.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
The ABCDs of Melanoma
Lesson 1
Your Hair
A Closer Look at Hair
Except for the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet,
you have hair on almost every skin surface.
Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair
growth. Hair grows out of hair follicles.
Hair helps protect the skin, especially the scalp, from exposure
to UV radiation.
The foundation of healthy hair is a well-balanced diet. Hair can
become thin and dry without proper nutrients.
Lesson 1
Your Hair
Tips for Healthy Hair
The foundation of
healthy hair is a wellbalanced diet.
Regular shampooing is
a must to keep your
hair healthy.
Daily brushing keeps
dirt from building
up and helps distribute
the natural hair oils
evenly.
Limit the use of
treatments such as
permanents, dyes,
or bleach.
Lesson 1
Your Hair
Hair Problems
Dandruff can usually be treated by
washing hair with an over-thecounter dandruff shampoo.
Head lice are tiny parasitic insects
that live in the scalp hair of
humans.
These insects can be eliminated by
washing hair with a medicated
shampoo that kills the organisms.
Lesson 1
Your Nails
Grooming Your Nails
Nails function to protect and
support the tissues of the fingers
and toes.
Good care includes keeping nails
clean and evenly trimmed.
Trim toenails straight across and
just slightly above skin level to
reduce the risk of infection and
ingrown nails.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Melanin, which gives the skin, hair,
and iris of the eyes their color, is
located in the ______.
1. dermis
2. epidermis
3. sebaceous glands
4. hair follicles
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Melanin, which gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes
their color, is located in the epidermis.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Define the terms epidermis and dermis.
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. The epidermis is the outer, thinner layer of the skin,
composed of living and dead cells.
The dermis is the thicker layer of skin beneath the
epidermis, made up of connective tissue and containing
blood vessels and nerves.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Why is early detection of skin cancer important to your
overall health?
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Early detection of skin cancer is critical to controlling its
spread throughout the body.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide suitable examples.
Consider your daily activities in the sun. Compose a list of ways
you can protect your skin from the sun for each activity.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Melanin, which gives the skin, hair, and iris of the
eyes their color, is located in the epidermis.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again,
or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Layers of the Skin
The two main layers of the skin:
1. Epidermis: Its top layer consists
of dead cells and deeper layers
contain living cells that are
Thedividing.
epidermis is
continually
the outer, thinner
2. Dermis:
a single,
thick layer
layerItofisthe
skin that
composed
of connective
is composed
of livingtissue,
which
gives
skin elasticity.
and
deadthe
cells.
The epidermis and the dermis are
attached to bones and muscles by
the subcutaneous layer.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Layers of the Skin
The two main layers of the skin:
1. Epidermis: Its top layer consists
of dead cells and deeper layers
The dermis is the
contain living cells that are
thicker layer of the skin
continually dividing.
beneath the epidermis
2. Dermis: It that
is a single,
layer
is madethick
up of
composed connective
of connective
tissue,
tissue
and
which givescontains
the skinblood
elasticity.
vessels and
nerves.
The epidermis and the dermis are
attached to bones and muscles by
the subcutaneous layer.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Epidermis
Certain cells in the epidermis
make a substance called
keratin, a protein that
toughens nails.
These cells also produce lipids,
which make your skin
waterproof.
Other cells produce melanin.
The more the melanin, the
darker the skin.
Melanin is a
pigment that gives
the skin, hair, and
iris of the eyes
their color.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Dermis
Sebaceous glands are found in
the dermis.
Sebaceous
Blood vessels in the dermis
glands are structures
supply cells with oxygenated
within the skin that
blood and nutrients and facilitate
produce an oily
the removal of cellular wastes.
secretion called
sebum.
Sweat glands produce
perspiration on the surface
of the skin.
Lesson 1
Structure and Function of the Skin
Dermis
Sebaceous glands are found in
the dermis.
Sweat glands are
Blood vessels in the
dermis within the
structures
supply cells with oxygenated
dermis that secrete
blood and nutrients
and facilitate
perspiration
through
the removal of cellular
ducts wastes.
to pores on the
skin’s surface.
Sweat glands produce
perspiration on the surface
of the skin.
Lesson 1
Healthy Skin
Moles
Moles are spots that contain extra melanin.
Melanoma is
Certain types ofthe
moles
may
develop into melanoma, which
most
serious
can be deadly. form of skin
cancer.
Early detection and treatment are critical to controlling the
spread of skin cancer throughout the body.
Lesson 1
Your Hair
A Closer Look at Hair
Except for the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet,
you have hair on almost every skin surface.
Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair
growth. Hair grows out of hair follicles.
Hair helps protect the skin, especially the scalp, from exposure
A hair follicle
to UV radiation.
is a structure that
The foundation of healthy hair surrounds
is a well-balanced
diet. Hair can
the
become thin and dry without proper
root ofnutrients.
a hair.
Lesson 1
Your Hair
Hair Problems
Dandruff can usually be treated by
washing hair with an over-thecounter dandruff shampoo.
Dandruff is a
condition
that
can
Head
lice are
tiny
parasitic insects
occur
the
scalp
that
liveif in
the
scalp hair of
becomes too dry and
humans.
dead skin cells are
These
canwhite
be eliminated by
shed insects
as sticky,
washing
flakes. hair with a medicated
shampoo that kills the organisms.