Download Study guide Ch 18, 31

Study guide, Ch 18 and 31
What is the history of the smallpox vaccine, who discovered it and how did he test it? Before the
discovery and use of cowpox and vaccinia viruses, how was immunity achieved? Was this process more
or less dangerous than using cowpox or vaccinia viruses instead? Why might people be reticent to
receive the smallpox vaccine today?
How do we become immune to a disease that we’ve had or one that we’ve received a vaccination for?
Which part of the immune system is involved? Which cell types are important? What is the role of
antibodies?
What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Which type of immunity involves
immunological memory? When might you want to evoke active immunity? When might you want to
administer passive immunity? What is the link between the Iditarod and antisera/antitoxin?
How does vaccination work and why might it better than being exposed to the pathogen and getting
sick? What are inactivated vaccines made out of? Why do they often need an adjuvant? What are the
pros and cons of using attenuated vaccines? What is one instance of reversion of an attenuated virus to
a wild type virus? Why do high risk areas still receive the Sabin vaccine while low risk areas receive the
Salk vaccine? Which one is more effective?
Why is vaccination so important from an individual perspective and from a societal perspective?
Food microbiology:
When making food that requires microbiological growth to occur (such as cheese), why is it that
unwanted, harmful bacteria doesn’t grow, too?
What is the role of bacteria in making dairy products? What types of microorganisms give different
cheeses their unique flavors?