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Transcript
1 Chapter 10 NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES Identify how computers on TCP/IP networks communicate Explain how IP addresses and subnetting work Explain how name resolution works, and identify the primary name resolution mechanisms that are used on Microsoft Windows networks 2 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 3 NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES (CONTINUED) Troubleshoot networking problems caused by cable connections, network adapters, modems, TCP/IP configuration, or name resolution settings. Configure and troubleshoot Internet Connection Firewall Configure Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services TCP/IP CONFIGURABLE OPTIONS IP address (mandatory) Subnet mask (mandatory) Default gateway (optional) DNS configuration (optional) WINS configuration (optional) 4 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services IP ADDRESS CLASSES Class A addresses Class B addresses Class C addresses Class D addresses Class E addresses Loopback addresses 5 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 6 IP ADDRESS VALIDITY The first byte of the IP address must fall within the following ranges: 1 through 126 128 through 191 192 through 223 IP addresses that begin with 0, 127, or 224 through 255 are invalid The host ID cannot be all binary 0s or 1s No number in an IP address can be greater than 255 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services CHOOSING AN IP ADDRESSING SCHEME 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 7 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services SUBNET MASKS Class A: 255.0.0.0 Class B: 255.255.0.0 Class C: 255.255.255.0 8 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services DEFAULT GATEWAY 9 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services DNS Name resolution for TCP/IP clients Service resolution Resolve TCP/IP host names and FQDNs to IP addresses 10 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services TCP/IP HOSTS FILE 11 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services NetBIOS NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface (NetBEUI) is a fast, efficient protocol, suitable for use on small networks. Not used very much anymore Will have to enable a WINS server or use the LMHOSTS file 12 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 13 WINS In multiple-network environments, a WINS server can be used to maintain a database of NetBIOS name-to-IP address mappings, similar to a DNS server maintaining a database of host name-to-IP address mappings Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 14 LMHOSTS FILE The Lmhosts file is a simple text file that contains IP addresses followed by the name of the host, similar to a TCP/IP hosts file. The Lmhosts file is stored in the System_root\System32\Drivers\Etc folder. Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services CONFIGURING LAN AND HIGH-SPEED INTERNET CONNECTIONS 15 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services ADDING A NETWORK COMPONENT 16 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services RENAMING, DISABLING, AND DELETING A LOCAL AREA CONNECTION 17 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services CONFIGURING TCP/IP 18 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 19 ALTERNATE TCP/IP CONFIGURATION BY USERCONFIGURED SETTINGS Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services MANUAL CONFIGURATION OF TCP/IP PROPERTIES Automatic configuration of TCP/IP properties is convenient, but there will be situations where you will want the control that is afforded by manual configuration 20 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 21 GENERAL NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING What isn’t working? What is working? Did whatever isn’t working ever work? Does it work intermittently or not at all? Has anything changed since the last time it worked? Is there a relationship between things that are working and things that are not? Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 22 TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP Are the computers involved physically connected to the network? Does Event Viewer report any warnings or errors? Are TCP/IP parameters configured correctly? Is the computer receiving an address from the DHCP server? Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 23 TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP (CONTINUED) Can the computer establish basic connectivity using the Ping command? Is there a DNS or NetBIOS name-resolution problem? Are the default gateway and additional routes configured in the local routing table? Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 24 TROUBLESHOOTING PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY Check the properties of the network adapter Make sure that the network cable is connected to the network card Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services VERIFYING TCP/IP CONFIGURATION TCP/IP settings to check include: Incorrect IP address Duplicate IP address Incorrect subnet mask Incorrect or missing default gateway Incorrect or missing DNS server Incorrect or missing WINS server 25 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services PING 26 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services IPCONFIG 27 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 28 TROUBLESHOOTING DHCP CLIENTS Use Ipconfig /renew to force the client to refresh the DHCP configuration Ensure that the DHCP server is functioning and is not out of IP addresses If the DHCP server is remote, verify that the DHCP Relay Agent is functioning Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 29 TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC CONNECTIVITY If the client appears to have an appropriate TCP/IP configuration, you can perform basic connectivity testing using the Ping command Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services TRACERT COMMAND The Tracert command-line utility can help you figure out exactly where along the route the breakdown happened 30 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 31 PATHPING COMMAND The Pathping command is a combination of both Ping and Tracert, displaying information about packet loss at every router between the host computer and the remote one Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services TCP/IP HOST NAME RESOLUTION METHODS Local host name DNS cache Hosts file DNS server 32 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services NETBIOS NAME RESOLUTION METHODS NetBIOS name cache WINS server Broadcast Lmhosts file 33 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 34 UNDERSTANDING INTERNET CONNECTION FIREWALL Limits the data that comes into a computer or a network Does not limit what happens on a stand- alone computer or inside the network, or the data that passes between computers on a local network Works independently of any networking hardware Can keep a security log of discarded packets Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services ENABLING INTERNET CONNECTION FIREWALL 35 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services ICF LOGGING Two available ICF logging options: Log Dropped Packets Log Successful Connections 36 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP) 37 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services ALLOWING SERVICES IN ICF 38 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services ESTABLISHING A REMOTE ASSISTANCE SESSION Start Menu – Help and Support 39 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services REMOTE ASSISTANCE CONSOLE 40 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 41 TAKING SHARED CONTROL OF THE USER’S COMPUTER Can fully manipulate the computer Can load and unload drivers Can launch applications Can View event logs Cannot copy files from the user’s hard drive Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 42 REMOTE DESKTOP Remote Desktop is designed to allow a user to have full control over her or his Windows XP Professional Edition desktop from another computer on the network Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services CONFIGURING REMOTE DESKTOP Must have the check box selected. Port 3389 must be opened on the firewall. 43 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services MANAGING REMOTE DESKTOP SESSIONS 44 Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 45 CHAPTER SUMMARY When configuring TCP/IP, you must configure an IP address and a subnet mask. Optionally, you can configure a default gateway and name server addresses. A computer can obtain IP addressing information automatically or you can configure a static IP address. Name resolution is the process of resolving a user-friendly name to an IP address. Name resolution mechanisms include DNS and WINS. Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services 46 CHAPTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) When troubleshooting a networking problem, you should check for problems with cable connections, network adapters, modems, TCP/IP configuration, or name resolution settings. Internet Connection Firewall provides a level of security against unwanted network traffic coming from outside your private network. Chapter 10: Network Protocols and Services CHAPTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Remote Assistance provides a way for a user to request help from an expert and even let that expert control the user’s desktop. Remote Desktop provides a way for a user to control his or her desktop while away from the main computer. 47