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"Networking 101: Basics" Jim Gogan INLS184 Introduction - Why network? Communicate with others close by Communicate with others far away Gain access to information not on your computer Share resources (software, peripherals) *ANS? LANs WANs MANs internets Internet Intranet Components of a LAN Cable Workstations/Servers Interface cards (NICs) Hubs/switches/etc. Peripherals Network protocols Cable Types of Cables – Coaxial cable – Twisted pair – Fiber optics Wireless Cabling Topologies Daisy Chain Bus Ring Star Daisy Chain Simplest to do One device hooked to device after it If broken, all connections are lost Daisy Chain network example: original LocalTalk Bus Packets move along a straight line Works like a trolley, must have bumpers at ends of lines Devices are connected through taps on the line As long as taps aren’t disconnected, network stays up Bus network example: Thin-net Ethernet Ring Cable must form complete, unbroken ring Packets with presence of token (usually) If ring broken, all devices may go down Ring network example: Token Ring Star Devices are connected along “arms” of the star Arms connected to central hub When disconnected, only that arm of the star is affected Star network example: 10BaseT Ethernet Workstations The computer on an individual’s desk May have its own local devices/peripherals as well as access to networked peripherals Servers Workstation (often higher end) with specific functions Usually provides services: – File services – Web services – Email services Interface cards Connect individual devices to network Must match type of device and type of cable Hubs and Switches and Network Devices Depends on type of network installed More about these later …... Peripherals Accessory devices (printers, fax machines, backup devices, etc.) Originally connected thru workstations or servers, now directly network connected Originally dumb, now intelligent enough to do some real damage Protocols Common language among computers Analogous to addressing envelopes Many different protocols out there Different “layers” use different protocols Network Addressing Must be unique to each device A single physical device can have several network addresses Usually divided into two parts: network and node (both parts can be combined into one address) May be permanent (static) or temporary (dynamic) Packets Way information moves across the wire Packets can carry data or protocol/control information only Difference between “packet” and “cell” How Networks Grow File sharing Application sharing Peripheral sharing Client/server applications – Email – WWW Multimedia applications Dividing/Expanding Networks Why: – Too much traffic – Too many nodes – Distance limitations How: – Repeaters – Bridges – Routers Performance Terms Bandwidth Throughput Latency (delay) Jitter Loss Other Aspects/Considerations Security Management Key Points Standards Simplicity Ethernet TCP/IP = = = = Good! Good! (easy to develop) Good! (it’s simple) Good! (it’s simple)